{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:01:29Z","timestamp":1789848089844,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Endocrine etiologies of secondary hypertension (HTN) are frequent and increasingly diagnosed according to the learned societies. Adrenal causes as primary aldosteronism (PA), pheochromocytomas (PHEO), and ACTH-independent Cushing\u2019s syndrome (CS) are widely described separately regarding their clinical, biochemical, and morphological aspects and only a few studies have developed the particular aspect of associated HTN. For this reason, we conducted a retrospective observational descriptive study at a tertiary referral center.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Fifty-five subjects were included (PA: 52.8%, PHEO: 29.1%, and CS: 18.1%). We found a slight female preponderance (60%). The average age of participants was 47.0\u00b114.9 years. First-degree family history of HTN was described in up to two thirds of cases. Regarding HTN characteristics, subjects with PA presented significantly younger age at diagnosis and had more severe and resistant profile and required higher number of antihypertensive drugs. HTN-mediated organ damage (HMOD) was mainly cardiovascular and ocular. Patients with PHEO were significantly older at diagnosis and had more severe and paroxysmal HTN. Patients with CS had less severe HTN and less HMOD. Specific treatments were indicated in all cases aiming complete remission of HTN. Subjects with PA were treated medically with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in 72.4% of cases and HTN remission was achieved in only 21.8% after surgical treatment. All subjects with PHEO were operated with adrenalectomy and the remission was observed in 37.5% of cases, while patients with CS were surgically managed in 50% of cases with 40% of HTN remission.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Diagnosis and management of adrenal endocrine HTN diseases are challenging for healthcare professionals and early screening is crucial for prevention of cardiovascular morbidity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/enr-2026-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:09:14Z","timestamp":1789844954000},"page":"221-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical course and management of adrenal endocrine hypertension: A single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ines","family":"Bayar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanene","family":"Sayadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Ayachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilel Ben","family":"Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekram","family":"Hajji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hela","family":"Marmouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Khochtali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Department , Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital , Monastir , Tunisia"},{"name":"2 Faculty of Medicine of Monastir , University of Monastir , Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler GK, Stowasser M, Correa RR, Khan N, Kline G, McGowan MJ, Mulatero P, Murad MH, Touyz RM, Vaidya A, Williams TA, Yang J, Young WF, Zennaro MC, Brito JP. Primary aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 110, 2453\u20132495, 2025.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf284"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akasaka H, Yamamoto K, Rakugi H, Nagasawa M, Nakamaru R, Ichijo T, Takeda Y, Kurihara I, Katabami T, Tsuiki M, Wada N, Ogawa Y, Kawashima J, Sone M, Kamemura K, Yoshimoto T, Matsuda Y, Fujita M, Kobayashi H, Watanabe M, Tamura K, Okamura S, Miyauchi S, Izawa S, Chiba Y, Tanabe A, Naruse M; Japan Primary Aldosteronism Study Group*. Sex difference in the association between subtype distribution and age at diagnosis in patients with primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 74, 368\u2013374, 2019.","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13006"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananda RA, Gwini SM, Long KM, Lai JH, Chen G, Russell GM, Stowasser M, Fuller PJ, Yang J. Diagnostic delay and disease burden in primary aldosteronism: an international patient survey. Hypertension 81, 348\u2013360, 2024.","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21965"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbot M, Ceccato F, Scaroni C. The pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension in patients with Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 10, 321, 2019.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00321"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bioletto F, Bollati M, Lopez C, Arata S, Procopio M, Ponzetto F, Ghigo E, Maccario M, Parasiliti-Caprino M. Primary aldosteronism and resistant hypertension: a pathophysiological insight. Int J Mol Sci 23, 4803, 2022.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094803"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borozan S, Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Shetty S, Pappachan JM. Approach to endocrine hypertension: a case-based discussion. Curr Hypertens Rep 27, 8, 2025.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-025-01323-w"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung SM. Screening and treatment of endocrine hypertension focusing on adrenal gland disorders: a narrative review. J Yeungnam Med Sci 41, 269\u2013278, 2024.","DOI":"10.12701\/jyms.2024.00752"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente-Gutierrez U, Perez-Soto RH, Hernandez-Acevedo JD, Iniguez-Ariza NM, Casanueva-Perez E, Pantoja-Millan JP, Sierra-Salazar M, Herrera MF, Velazquez-Fernandez D. Endocrine hypertension secondary to adrenal tumors: clinical course and predictive factors of clinical remission. 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J Clin Endocrinol Metab 108, e343\u2013e349, 2023.","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac701"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heizhati M, Aierken X, Gan L, Lin M, Luo Q, Wang M, Hu J, Maimaiti N, Duiyimuhan G, Yang W, Yao L, Zhu Q, Li N. Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in patients with concomitant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea, baseline data of a cohort. Hypertens Res 46, 1385\u20131394, 2023.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01226-w"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jha S, Sinaii N, McGlotten RN, Nieman LK. Remission of hypertension after surgical cure of Cushing\u2019s syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 92, 124\u2013130, 2020.","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14129"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Z, He Y, Zhang Y, Chen G, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Quan Z, Wu X. 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Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension. BMJ 385, e079108, 2024.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-079108"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugawara A, Shimada H, Otsubo Y, Kouketsu T, Yokoyama A. Primary aldosteronism and obstructive sleep apnea: the strong ties between them. Hypertens Res 46, 1712\u20131713, 2023.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01303-0"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turcu AF, Nhan W, Grigoryan S, Zhang L, Urban C, Liu H, Holevinski L, Zhao L. Primary aldosteronism screening rates differ with sex, race, and comorbidities. J Am Heart Assoc 11, e025952, 2022.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025952"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zelinka T, Petrak O, Rosa J, Holaj R, Strauch B, Widimsky Jr. J. Primary aldosteronism and pregnancy. Kidney Blood Press Res 45, 275\u2013285, 2020.","DOI":"10.1159\/000506287"},{"key":"2026091919090693096_j_enr-2026-0023_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuber SM, Kantorovich V, Pacak K. Hypertension in pheochromocytoma: characteristics and treatment. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 40, 295\u2013311, 2011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2011.02.002"}],"container-title":["Endocrine Regulations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/enr-2026-0023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:09:23Z","timestamp":1789844963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/enr-2026-0023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/enr-2026-0023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/enr-2026-0023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1336-0329"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1336-0329","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}