{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:33:28Z","timestamp":1791286408368,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is stated that everyone has the right to an adequate standard of living, which ensures, as well as their family, health and well-being, and food, thereby ensuring adequate nutrition. One of the major threats to overcome this is to ensure food security, which becomes particularly challenging in developing countries due to the high incidence of parasitic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO), considers it one of the main causes of morbidity, closely linked to poverty and related to inadequate personal hygiene, consumption of raw food, lack of sanitary services, limited access to drinking water and fecal contamination in the environment. It is estimated that more than a fifth of the world\u2019s population is infected by one or several intestinal parasites, and that in many countries of Central and South America the average percentage of infected people is 45%, being\n                    <jats:italic>Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>, Trypanosoma cruzi and Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    some of the most important ones in the neotropics. One of the main reasons why these diseases are diffi cult to control is t he ignorance of their lifecycles, as well as symptoms and current epidemiology of the disease, which contributes to a late or erroneous diagnosis. The present work aims to discuss and make public the current knowledge as well as the general characteristics of these diseases to the general audience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2021-0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:40:20Z","timestamp":1623112820000},"page":"119-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Foodborne Parasitic Diseases in the Neotropics \u2013 a review"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ruvalcaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Licenciatura en Nutrici\u00f3n, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas (UAZ) Zacatecas Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Ruvalcaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, UAZ Zacatecas Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Moran Santiba\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, UANL Nuevo Leon Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Universidad Cuahut\u00e9moc plantel Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Le\u00f3n Coria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Calgary Faculty of Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Reyna Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Nuevo Le\u00f3n (UANL) Nuevo Leon Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AGUDELO HIGUITA, N.I., BRUNETTI, E., MCCLOSKEY, C. (2016): Cystic Echinococcosis. J Clin Microbiol, 54(3): 518\u2013523. DOI: 10.1128\/JCM.02420-15","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02420-15"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BARENNES, H., SAYASONE, S., ODERMATT, P., DE BRUYNE, A., HONGSAKHONE, S., NEWTON, P.N., DUPOUY-CAMET, J. (2008): A major trichinellosis outbreak suggesting a high endemicity of Trichinella infection in northern Laos. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 78(1): 40\u201344","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.40"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BELAUNZARAN, M.L. (2015): Enfermedad de Chagas: Globalizaci\u00f3n y nuevas esperanzas para su cura [Chagasdisease:Globalizatio-nandnewhopeforitscure]. Rev. Argent. Microbiol., 47(2): 85\u201387. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ram.2015.04.001 (In Spanish)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2015.04.001"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_004","unstructured":"BERGER, S.A. (2017): Trichinosis: Global Status: 2017 edition. GIDEON Informatics Inc, e-books. ISBN: 978-1-4988-1680-9. pp. 1-114"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BERROUCH, S., ESCOTTE-BINET, S., HARRAK, R., HUGUENIN, A., PIERRE, F. (2020): Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review. Parasitology, 147(5): 516\u2013532. DOI: 10.1017\/S0031182020000086","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000086"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BETSON, M., NEJSUM, P., BENDALL, R.P., DEB, R.M., STOTHARD, J.R. (2014): Molecular epidemiology of ascariasis: a global perspective on the transmission dynamics of Ascaris in people and pigs. J Infect Dis, 210(6): 932\u2013941. DOI: 10.1093\/infdis\/jiu193","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu193"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BRAE, U.C., DEVLEESSCHAUWER, B., SITHOLE, F., WANG, Z., WILLINGHAM, A.L. (2017): Mapping occurrence of Taenia solium taeniosis\/ cysticercosis and areas at risk of porcine cysticercosis in Central America and the Caribbean basin. Parasit Vectors, 10(1): 424. DOI: 10.1186\/s13071-017-2362-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2362-7"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BRUSCHI, F., MURRELL, K.D. (2002): New aspects of human trichinellosis: the impact of new Trichinella species. Postgrad Med J, 78(915): 15\u201322. DOI: 10.1136\/pmj.78.915.15","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.915.15"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BUSHURA, R. (2019): Review on Hydatidosis in Small Ruminant and its Economic and Public Health Significance. Dairy and Vet Sci J, 11(2): 555808. DOI: 10.19080\/JDVS.2019.11.555808","DOI":"10.19080\/JDVS.2019.11.555808"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CEBALLOS-PALMARES, J.C., CU\u00c9LLAR-RUFINO, S., V\u00c1ZQUEZ-ORTEGA, M.T., L\u00d3PEZ-DOM\u00cdNGUEZ, J., ROMERO-CRUZ, V., CALDER\u00d3N-GARCIDUE\u00d1AS, A.L. (2017): Inmunolog\u00eda de la Enfermedad de Chagas cong\u00e9nita [Immunology of congenital Chagas disease]. Perinatal Reprod. Hum., 31(3): 144\u2013150. DOI: 10.1016\/j.rprh.2018.01.001 CHILE, N., CLARK, T., ARANA, Y., ORTEGA, Y.R., PALMA, S., MEJIA, A., ANGULO, N., KOSEK, J.C., KOSEK, M., GOMEZ-PUERTA, L. A., GARCIA, H.H., GAVIDIA, C.M., GILMAN, R.H., VERASTEGUI, M., CYSTICERCOSIS WORKING GROUP IN PERU. (2016): In Vitro Study of Taenia solium Postoncospheral Form. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(2), e0004396. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004396","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004396"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CHIQUE, C., HYNDS, P.D., ANDRADE, L., BURKE, L., MORRIS, D., RYAN, M.P., O`DWYER, J. (2020): Cryptosporidium spp. in groundwater supplies intended for human consumption \u2013 A descriptive review of global prevalence, risk factors and knowledge gaps. Water Res, 176: 115726. DOI: 10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115726"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CYSTITEAM GROUP FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MODELLING OF TAENIA SOLIUM TAENIASIS\/CYSTICERCOSIS (2019): The World Health Organization 2030 goals for Taenia solium: Insights and perspectives from transmission dynamics modelling: CystiTeam Group for Epidemiology and Modelling of Taenia solium Taeniasis\/Cysticercosis. Gates Open Res, 3: 1546. DOI: 10.12688\/gatesopenres.13068.2","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13068.1"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CORAL-ALMEIDA, M., GABRI\u00cbL, S., ABATIH, E.N., PRAET, N., BENITEZ, W., DORNY, P. (2015): Taenia solium Human Cysticercosis: A Systematic Review of Sero-epidemiological Data from Endemic Zones around the World. PLoS neglected tropical diseases 9(7): e0003919. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003919"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CORAL-ALMEIDA, M., HENRIQUEZ-TRUJILLO, A.R., ASANZA, S., ERAZO, C., PAUCAR, M., CALVOPI\u00d1A, M. (2020): Assessing the burden and spatial distribution of Taenia solium human neurocysticercosis in Ecuador (2013\u20132017). PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14(6): e0008384. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008384"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CUI, Z., LI, J., CHEN, Y., ZHANG, L. (2019): Molecular epidemiology, evolution, and phylogeny of Entamoeba spp. Infect Genet Evol, 75: 104018. DOI: 10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.104018"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019ALESSANDRO, A., RAUSCH, R.L. (2008): New aspects of neotropical polycystic (Echinococcus vogeli) and unicystic (Echinococcus oligarthrus) echinococcosis. Clin Microbiol Rev, 21(2): 380\u2013401. DOI: 10.1128\/CMR.00050-07","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00050-07"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DEBNATH, A. (2015): Drug Development: Old Drugs and New Lead. In: NOZAKI T., BHATTACHARYA A. (Eds) Amebiasis. Springer, Tokyo. DOI: 10.1007\/978-4-431-55200-0_32","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55200-0_32"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DE COSTER, T., VAN DAME, I., BAUW, J., GABRI\u00cbL, S. (2018): Recent advancements in the control of Taenia solium: A systematic review. Food Waterborne Parasitol, 13: e00030. DOI: 10.1016\/j.fawpar.2018.e00030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2018.e00030"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_019","unstructured":"DE LIMA CORVINO, D.F., HORRALL, S. (2020): Ascariasis. [Updated 2020 Mar 16]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat-Pearls Publishing. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK430796\/"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_020","unstructured":"DESPOMIER, D.D, GWADZ, R.W, HOTEZ, P.J, CHARLES, A.K. (2005): Parasitic Diseases. Fifth edition. Apple Trees Productions. 135\u2013142 pp."},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DEVLEESSCHAUWER, B., PRAET, N., SPEYBROECK, N., TORGERSON, P.R., HAGSMA, J.A., DE SMET, K., MURRELL, K.D., POZIO, E., DORNY, P. (2015): The low global burden of trichinellosis: evidence and implications. Int J Parasitol, 45(2-3): 95\u201399. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.05.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.05.006"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DIXON, M.A., BRAE, U.C., WINSKILL, P., WALKER, M., DEVLEESSCHAUWER, B., GABRI\u00cbL, S., BAS\u00c1\u00d1EZ, M.G. (2019): Strategies for tackling Taenia solium taeniosis\/cysticercosis: A systematic review and comparison of transmission models, including an assessment of the wider Taeniidae family transmission models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 13(4): e0007301. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007301"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DUBEY, J.P., LAGO, E.G., GENARO, S.M., SU, C. (2012): Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: High prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology. Parasitology, 139(11): 1375\u20131424. DOI: 10.1017\/S0031182012000765","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000765"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_024","unstructured":"ESTRADA, P.J., AGREDA, I.S., RINCONES, E.G. (2020): Identification of ecological niches of liver fluke in the Guapan and Bayas parishes, Ca\u00f1ar province. Dom. Cien., (3)6: 965\u2013980. DOI: 10.23857\/dc.v6i3.1446"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GAJADHAR, A.A., POZIO, E., GAMBLE, H.R., N\u00d6CKLER, K., MADDOX-HYT-TEL, C., FORBES, L.B., VALL\u00c9E, I., ROSSI, P., MARINCULI\u0106, A., BOIREAU, P. (2009): Trichinella diagnostics and control: mandatory and best practices for ensuring food safety. Vet Parasitol, 159(3-4): 197\u2013205. DOI: 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.063"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GARCIA L.S. (2017): Diagnostic Medical Parasitology. ASM Press. 381\u2013393. DOI: 10.1016\/s0169-4758(97)01175-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01175-7"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GARCIA, H.H., RODRIGUEZ, S., FRIEDLAND, J.S., CYSTICERCOSIS WORKING GROUP IN PERU (2014). Immunology of Taenia solium taeniasis and human cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol, 36(8): 388\u2013396. DOI: 10.1111\/pim.12126","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12126"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GOTTSTEIN, B., POZIO, E., N\u00d6CKLER, K. (2009): Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis. Clin Microbiol Rev, 22(1): 127\u2013145. DOI: 10.1128\/CMR.00026-08","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00026-08"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HABY, M.M., SOSA LEON, L.A., LUCIA\u00d1EZ, A., NICHOLLS, R.S., REVEIZ, L., DONADEU, M. (2020): Systematic review of the effectiveness of selected drugs for preventive chemotherapy for Taenia solium taeniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14(1): e0007873. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007873","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007873"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HERED\u00cdA, N., GARC\u00cdA, S. (2018): Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: A review. Anim Nutr, 4(3): 250\u2013255. DOI: 10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.04.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.04.006"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HILL, D., DUBEY, J.P. (2002): Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis, and prevention. Clinical Microbiology and infection. 8(10): 634\u2013640. DOI: 10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KANTOR, M., ABRANTES, A., ESTEVEZ, A., SCHILLER, A., TORRENT, J., GASCON, J., HERNANDEZ, R., OCHNER, C. (2018): Entamoeba histolytica: updates in clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, and vaccine development. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018: 4601420. DOI: 10.1155\/2018\/4601420","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4601420"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KARADJIAN, G., BILSKA-ZAJ\u0104C, E., BAHN, P. (2020): Species identification of Trichinella originated from various host and different geographical location by MALDI-TOF. Exp Parasitol, 213: 107890. DOI: 10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107890"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LARRIEU, E., ZANINI, F. (2012): Critical analysis of cystic echinococcosis control programs and praziquantel use in South America, 1974\u20132010. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 31(1): 81\u201387. DOI: 10.1590\/s1020-49892012000100012","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892012000100012"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_035","unstructured":"LAVERDE, L.M., BUILES, L.M., MASSO, C.J. (2009): Detecci\u00f3n de Trichinella spiralis en cerdos faenados en dos plantas de beneficio en el municipio de bello [Detection of Trichinella spiralis on slaughtering domestic pigs from two slaughterhouses located in the Municipality of Bello]. Ces. Med. Vet. Zootec., 4(2): 47\u201356. DOI: 10.21615\/1028 (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LIGHTOWLERS, M.W., GARCIA, H.H., GAUCI, C.G., DONADEU, M., ABELE-RIDDER, B. (2016): Monitoring the outcomes of interventions against Taenia solium: options and suggestions. Parasite Immunol, 38(3): 158\u2013169. DOI: 10.1111\/pim.12291","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12291"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_037","unstructured":"MARIN, A., MINA, L., ZAYAS, E., SOLER, R. (2020): Characterization of bacterial agents isolated in diseases outbreaks transmitted by foods. MediSan, 24(2): 235\u2013251"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MAS-COMA, S., BARGUES, M., VALERO, M. (2018): Human fascioliasis infection sources, their diversity, incidence factors, analytical methods, and prevention measures. Parasitology, 145(13): 1665\u20131699. DOI: 10.1017\/S0031182018000914","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000914"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MAS-COMA, S., BUCHON, P., FUNATSU, I.R., ANGLES, R., ARTIGAS, P., VALERO, A., BARGUES, M.D. (2020): Sheep and Cattle Reservoirs in the Highest Human Fascioliasis Hyperendemic Area: Experimental Transmission Capacity, Field Epidemiology, and Control Within a One Health Initiative in Bolivia. Front Vet Sci, (27): 7. DOI: 10.3389\/fvets.2020.583204","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.583204"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MEHMOOD, K., ZHANG, H., JAWAD, A., ABAS, Z., MUHAMAD, I., ANEELA, Z.D., MUHAMAD, H., MUJEEB, U., YAJING, W., HAFIZ, I., TARIQ, A., RIAZ, H., MUHAMAD, T., SADAQAT, A., AMAN, U., JIAKUI, L. (2017): A review on epidemiology, global prevalence, and economical losses of fasciolosis in ruminants. Microb Pathog, (109): 253\u2013262. DOI: 10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.06.006"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MILLER, L.A., COLBY, K., MANING, S.E., HOENIG, D., MCEVOY, E., MONTGOMERY, S., MATHISON, B., DE ALMEIDA, M., BISHOP, H., DASILVA, A., SEARS, S. (2015): Ascariasis in humans and pigs on small-scale farms, Maine, USA, 2010\u20132013. Emerging infectious diseases. 21(2): 332\u2013334. DOI: 10.3201\/eid2102.140048","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2102.140048"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MITREVA, M., JASMER, D.P. (2006): Biology and genome of Trichinella spiralis. WormBook. 23: 1\u201321","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.124.1"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MOLINA, I., SALVADOR, F., S\u00c1NCHEZ-MOLTALV\u00c1, A. (2016): Actualizaci\u00f3n en enfermedad de Chagas [UpdateChagasdisease]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 34 (2): 132\u2013138. DOI: 10.1016\/j.eimc.2015.12.008 (In Spanish)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2015.12.008"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MURRELL, K.D. (2016): The dynamics of Trichinella spiralis epidemiology: out to pasture?. Vet Parasitol, 231: 92\u201396. DOI: 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.03.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.03.020"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_045","unstructured":"MURILLO-GOD\u00cdNEZ, G. (2018): Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis). Med. Int. Mex., 34 (6): 959\u2013970. DOI: 10.24245\/mim.v3462217"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MU\u00d1OZ-CARRILLO, J.L., MU\u00d1OZ-L\u00d3PEZ, J.L., MU\u00d1OZ-ESCOBEDO, J.J., MALDONADO-TAPIA, C., GUTI\u00c9RREZ-CORONADO, O., CONTRERAS-CORDERO, J.F., MORENO-GARC\u00cdA, M.A. (2017): Therapeutic effects of resiniferatoxin related with immunological responses for intestinal inflammation in trichinellosis. Korean J Parasitol., 55(6): 587\u2013599. DOI: 10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.6.587","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.6.587"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NAGARAJA, S., ANKRI, S. (2019): Target identification and intervention strategies against amebiasis. Drug Resist Updat, 44: 1\u201314. DOI: 10.1016\/j.drup.2019.04.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2019.04.003"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NAIR, G., REBOLLEDO, M., WHITE, A.C., CRANELL, Z., RICHARDS-KORTUM, R.R., PINILLA, A.E., RAM\u00cdREZ, J.D., L\u00d3PEZ M.C., CASTELLANOS-GONZALEZ, A. (2015): Detection of Entamoeba histolytica by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Am J Trop Med Hyg., 93(3): 591\u2013595. DOI: 10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0276","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0276"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OJEDA, N.F., GONZ\u00c1LEZ, R., CORNELIO, S., LUNA, C., MACHAIN, C., TORRES, O.M., CHAY, A. (2020): Factores asociados al decomiso de h\u00edgados positivos a Fasciola sp en una zona end\u00e9mica del sureste de M\u00e9xico [Factors associated with the seizure of livers positive to Fasciola sp. in an endemic area of southeastern Mexico]. Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias., 11(2): 565\u2013575. DOI: 10.22319\/rmcp. v11i2.5173 (In Spanish)","DOI":"10.22319\/rmcp.v11i2.5173"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_050","unstructured":"PALMEZANO, J.M., PLAZAS, L.K., RIVERA, K.E., RUEDA, V.P. (2015): Enfermedad de Chagas: realidad de una patolog\u00eda frecuente en Santander, Colombia [Chagas disease: reality of a frequent pathology in Santander, Colombia]. M\u00c9DICAS UIS, 28(1): 81\u201390. DOI: 10.18273\/revmed (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"POZIO, E., ZARLENGA, D.S. (2013): New pieces of the Trichinella puzzle. Int J Parasitol, 43(12\u201313): 983\u2013997. DOI: 10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.05.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.05.010"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ROBERT-GANGNEUX, F., DARD\u00c9, M.L. (2012): Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clinical microbiology reviews. 25(2): 264\u2013296. DOI: 10.1128\/CMR.05013-11","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ROBERTSON, L.J., DEVLEESSCHAUWER, B., ALARCON DE NOYA, B., NOYA GONZALEZ, O., TORGERSON, P.R. (2016): Trypanosoma cruzi: time for international recognition as a foodborne parasite. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 10(6): e0004656. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004656","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004656"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RODRIGUEZ-MORALES, A.J., CALVO-BETANCOURT, L.S., ALARC\u00d3N-OLAVE, C., BOL\u00cdVAR-MEJ\u00cdA, A. (2015): Echinococcosis in Colombia - A Neglected Zoonosis? In: Current Topics in Echinococcosis. IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772\/60731","DOI":"10.5772\/60731"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ROUSSEAU, A., LA CARBONA, S., DUMETRE, A., ROBERTSON, L.J., GARGALA, G., BINET, S.E., FAVENEC, L., VILLENA, I., G\u00c9RARD, C., AUBERT, D. (2018): Assessing viability and infectivity of food borne and waterborne stages (cyst\/oocysts) of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporodium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii: a review of methods. Parasite, 25: 14. DOI: 10.1051\/parasite\/2018009","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018009"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_056","unstructured":"SALAZAR-SCHETTINO, P.M., BUCIO-TORRES, M.I., CABRERA BRAVO, M., FERN\u00c1NDEZ-SANTOS, N.A., PEREA-SALAZAR, M.G. (2016): Enfermedad de Chagas en M\u00e9xico [Chagas disease in Mexico]. Rev. de la Fac. de Med. (M\u00e9xico), 59 (3): 6\u201316 (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SANDER, V., SANCHEZ, E., MENDOZA, L., RAMOS, V., CORIGLIANO, G., CLEMENTE, M. (2020): Use of Veterinary Vaccines for Livestock as a Strategy to Control Foodborne Parasitic Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 10: 288. DOI: 10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00288","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00288"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SHAH, J., SHAHIDULLAH, A. (2018): Ascaris lumbricoides: A Startling Discovery during Screening Colonoscopy. Case Rep Gastroenterol, 12(2): 224\u2013229. DOI: 10.1159\/000489486","DOI":"10.1159\/000489486"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SHIBAYAMA, M., DE JES\u00daS SERRANO-LUNA, J., AGUIRRE-GARC\u00cdA, J., TSUTSUMI, V. (2015): Pathology, Pathogenesis, and Experimental Amebiasis. In: NOZAKI T., BHATTACHARYA A. (Eds) Amebiasis. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 411\u2013431. DOI: 10.1007\/978-4-431-55200-0","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-55200-0_23"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SHIRLEY, D.T., FARR, L., WATANABE, K., MOONAH, S. (2018): A Review of the Global Burden, New Diagnostics, and Current Therapeutics for Amebiasis. Open Forum Infect Dis, 5(7): ofy161. DOI: 10.1093\/ofid\/ofy161","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy161"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SHIRLEY, D.A., HUNG, C.C., MOONAH, S. (2020): Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis). In: RYAN, E.T., SOLOMON, T., ENDY, T.P., HILL, D.R., ARONSON, N.E. (Eds) Hunter\u2019s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 699\u2013706. DOI: 10.1016\/C2016-0-01879-X","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-55512-8.00094-6"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TORGERSON, P.R., DE SILVA, N.R., F\u00c8VRE, E.M., KASUGA, F., ROKNI, M.B., ZHOU, X.N., STEIN, C. (2014). The global burden of foodborne parasitic diseases: an update. Trends Parasitol, 30(1),: 20\u201326. DOI: 10.1016\/j.pt.2013.11.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.11.002"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TORGERSON, P., DEVLEESSCHAUWER, B., PRAET, N., SPEYBROEK, N., LEE, A., KASUGA, F., ROKNI, T., ZHOU, X., FEYVRE, E., SRIPA, B., GARGOURI, N., ANGULO, F., HAVELAR, A., SILVA, N. (2015): World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 11 Foodborne Parasitic Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis. PLoS Med, 12(12): e1001920. DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001920","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001920"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TREVISAN, C., TORGERSON, P., ROBERTSON, L. (2019): Foodborne Parasites in Europe: Present Status and Future Trends. Trends Parasitol, 33 (9): 695\u2013703. DOI: 10.1016\/j.pt.2019.07.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.07.002"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_065","unstructured":"UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE (USDA): Parasites and Foodborne Diseases. Retrieved August 10 2020. https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/informational\/en-espanol\/hojasinformativas\/enfermedades-por-alimentos\/parasitos\/parasitos-transmitidas"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VALENZUELA, M.L., RICO, T.C., CEDILLO, P.C., LUNA, P.H., M\u00c9NDEZ, C.S., LARA, M.G., CORREA, D., CABALLERO, O.H. (2019): Mixed Toxoplasma gondii infection and new genotypes in feral cats of Quintana Roo, M\u00e9xico. Acta Trop, 193: 199\u2013205. DOI: 10.1016\/j. actatropica.2019.03.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.03.006"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VALERO, M.A., DERENZI, M., PANOVA, M., GARC\u00cdA-BODELON, M.A., PERIAGO, M.V., ORDO\u00d1EZ, D., MAS COMA, S. (2006): Crowding effect on adult growth, pre-patent period and egg shedding of Fasciola hepatica Parasitology, 133: 453\u2013463. DOI: 10.1017\/S003118200600059X","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200600059X"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_068","unstructured":"VANATHY, K., CHANDRA, P.S., MANDAR, J., HAMILE, A., KRISHNMAMURTHY (2017): Cryptosporidiosis: A mini review. Trop Parasitol., 7(2): 72\u201380. DOI: 10.4103\/tp.TP_25_17"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WALKER, S., HOEY, E., FLETCHER, H., BRENAN, G., FAIRWEATHER, I., TRUDGETT, A. (2006): Stage-specific differences in fecundity over the life-cycle of two characterized isolates of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica Parasitology, 133(2): 209\u2013216. DOI: 10.1017\/S003118200600014X","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200600014X"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WANG, Z.D., LIU, H.H., ZHANG, X.M., HUNG, Y.M., ZHANG, Y.L., ZHI, B.Y., XING, Q.Z., XU, B., WEI, F., LIU, Q. (2017): Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Microbiol, 8: 389. DOI: 10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00389","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00389"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WEN, H., VUITTON, L., TUXUN, T., LI, J., VUITTON, D.A., ZHANG, W., MC-MANUS, D.P. (2019): Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century. Clin Microbiol Rev., 32(2): e00075-18. DOI: 10.1128\/CMR.00075-18","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-18"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WEATHERHEAD, J.E., PORTER, P., COFEY, A., HAYDEL, D., VERSTEEG, L., ZHAN, B., GAZZINELLI GUIMAR\u00c3ES, A.C., FUJIWARA, R., JARAMILLO, A.M., BOTTAZZI, M.E., HOTEZ, P.J., CORRY, D.B., BEAUMIER, C.M. (2018): Ascaris Larval Infection and Lung Invasion Directly Induce Severe Allergic Airway Disease in Mice. Infect Immun, 86(12): e00533-18. DOI: 10.1128\/IAI.00533-18","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00533-18"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_073","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2008): Fact sheet on fascioliasis. In: Action Against Worms, World Health Organization, Headquarters Geneva (December 2007), Newsletter, 10: 1\u20138"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_074","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) (2020): La Enfermedad de Chagas (Tripanosomiasis americana). Datos y Cifras. Retrieved 17 August 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chagas-disease-(american-trypanosomiasis)"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_075","unstructured":"WORD HEARTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) (2014): Multicriteria-based ranking for risk management of food-borne parasites. Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Meeting."},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_076","unstructured":"WORD HEARTH ORGANIZATION (WHO): Ranking basado en m\u00faltiples criterios para la gesti\u00f3n de riesgos de par\u00e1sitos transmitidos por alimentos. 2018. Retrieved August 21 2020 http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/I3649ES\/i3649es.pdf"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_077","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) (2018): Renewed medicine donation to sustain global fight against liver infection. Neglected tropical diseases https:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/news\/renewed-medicine-donation-sustain-global-fight-liver-infection\/en\/WORD HEARTH ORGANIZATION (WHO): Technical Report \/975\/ 2012. Research Priorities for Chagas Disease, human African Trypanosomiasis. Italy. Retrieved July 29 2020, http:\/\/www.who.int\/bookorde"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XIM\u00c9NEZ, C., CERRITOS, R., ROJAS, L., DOLABELLA, S., MOR\u00c1N, P., SHIBAYAMA, M., GONZ\u00c1LEZ, E., VALADEZ, A., HERN\u00c1NDEZ, E., VALENZUELA, O., LIM\u00d3N, A., PARTIDA, O., SILVA, E.F. (2010): Human amebiasis: breaking the paradigm? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 7(3): 1105\u20131120. DOI: 10.3390\/ijerph7031105.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7031105"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YEREMIEV, K., CVETKOVA, T., PAVLOV, S., PAVLOVA, K. (2017): Histomorphological characteristics of Ascaris lumbricoides and Taeniarhynchus saginatus Scripta Scientifica Vox Studentium, 1(1): 32\u201336. DOI: 10.14748\/ssvs.v1i1.1788","DOI":"10.14748\/ssvs.v1i1.1788"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZAMORA, Y.A., TREVI\u00d1O, J., CUADRADO, R.S., LORA, S.F., GYMEZ, M.J. (2020): Detection and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in feces of domestic cats in Colombia. Parasite, 27: 25. DOI: 10.1051\/parasite\/2020023","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020023"},{"key":"2026042808563043721_j_helm-2021-0022_ref_081","unstructured":"ZULFIQAR, H., MATHEW, G., HORRALL, S. (2020): Amebiasis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; March 4, 2020."}],"container-title":["Helminthologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/helm-2021-0022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:00:45Z","timestamp":1777395645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/helm-2021-0022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/helm-2021-0022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/helm-2021-0022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1336-9083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1336-9083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}