{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:49:27Z","timestamp":1792608567307,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This first comprehensive report from Punjab province of India relates to patho-physiological alterations alongwith morpho-molecular characterisation and risk assessment of natural infections of\n                    <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Hymenolepis nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 291commensal rodents including house rat,\n                    <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n=201) and lesser bandicoot rat,\n                    <jats:italic>Bandicota bangalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n=90). Small intestine of 53.61 and 64.95 % rats was found infected with\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively with a concurrent infection rate of 50.86 %. There was no association between male and female rats and\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections (\u1d61\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.016 and 0.08, respectively, d.f.= 1, P&gt;0.05), while the host age had significant effect on prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\u1d61\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 28.12 and 7.18, respectively, d.f.= 1, P\u22640.05) infection. Examination of faecal samples and intestinal contents revealed globular shaped eggs of\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    without polar filaments (76.50 \u00b1 3.01\u03bcm x 67.62 \u00b1 2.42 \u03bcm), while smaller sized oval eggs of\n                    <jats:italic>H. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    were with 4 \u2013 8 polar filaments (47.87 \u00b1 1.95 \u03bcm x 36.12 \u00b1 3.05 \u03bcm). Cestode infection caused enteritis, sloughing of intestinal mucosa, necrosis of villi and inflammatory reaction with infiltration of mononuclear cells in the mucosa and submucosa. Morphometric identification of the adult cestodes recovered from the intestinal lumen was confirmed by molecular characterisation based on nuclear ITS-2 loci which showed a single band of 269 bp and 242 bp for\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>H. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Pairwise alignment of the ITS-2 regions showed 99.46 % similarity with sequences of\n                    <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    from USA and 100 % similarity with sequences of\n                    <jats:italic>H. nana<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Slovakia, Kosice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2021-0027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T17:13:12Z","timestamp":1636823592000},"page":"248-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparative comprehensive analysis on natural infections of\n                    <i>Hymenolepis diminuta<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Hymenolepis nana<\/i>\n                    in commensal rodents"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"S. K.","family":"Brar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana-141004 , Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University , Ludhiana-141004 , Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. D.","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Ludhiana-141004 , Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042808563248184_j_helm-2021-0027_ref_001","unstructured":"ABOEL-HADID, S.H., ALLAM, G.A. 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