{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:20:42Z","timestamp":1789770042757,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A cross-sectional survey of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence was conducted among senior primary school pupils of Siphofaneni area, Eswatini. This area is devoid of potable water, with a newly constructed Lubovane dam and an LUSIP irrigation scheme. The objective of the study was to investigate the distribution of urinary schistosomiasis among Siphofaneni senior primary school pupils. Using simple random sampling, 200 partcipants were enroled from four of six schools in the area. Ten millimetres (10 ml) of urine samples were obtained from each participant and examined for\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs. The intensity of the infection was estimated by calculating the total number of\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs present in 10 ml urine. Out of 200 participants, 45% (n = 91) were males, and 55% (n = 109) were females. The mean age for participants was 13 years, and almost half (47%, n = 94) were in Grade 5. Overall, the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection was 16% (32\/200). More than half (59%, 19\/32) of the Schistosomiasis cases were from females. Positive and significant associations were observed between the number of eggs (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =170.9) and the presence of red blood cells (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =49.2) at\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001. In conclusion, the prevalence of Schistosomiasis is high among pupils enrolled in Siphofaneni area primary schools that needs comprehensive treatment and education to prevent from\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2023-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T07:38:21Z","timestamp":1685864301000},"page":"28-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence and distribution of urinary schistosomiasis among senior primary school pupils of Siphofaneni area in the low veld of Eswatini: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"T. S. B.","family":"Maseko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department , University Research Co., LLC ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K. S.","family":"Masuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. V.","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Eswatini ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.-K.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , 250, Wu-Xing Street , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081912522880086_j_helm-2023-0005_ref_001","unstructured":"African Water Facility & African Development Bank (2013): Lower Usuthu Smallholder Irrigation Project Phase II Studies, Eswatini. Appraisal Report. 2009. 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