{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T13:27:25Z","timestamp":1787146045055,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Urinary schistosomiasis remains endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, yet data on women of reproductive age are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection and to identify associated sociodemographic and exposure-related factors - including employment status - among women attending cervical cancer screening in Eswatini. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Sithobela Health Centre (Lowveld region) between September and October 2023. Using convenience sampling, 360 women aged 20 \u2013 49 years attending routine screening were enrolled. Sociodemographic characteristics (including education and employment\/occupation) and water-related exposures were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. A single mid-morning 10-mL urine sample was examined by sedimentation microscopy, and infection was defined as \u22651\n                    <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    egg per 10 mL of urine. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 10.83% (39\/360). Women older than the median age (26 years) had higher odds of infection (AOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04 \u2013 5.05;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04), while secondary education or higher was associated with lower odds (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16 \u2013 0.89;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.03). Employment status (employed vs unemployed) was not associated with infection (AOR 0.89, 95% CI 0.39 \u2013 2.02;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.79). Use of open or protected wells was associated with lower odds compared with tap water (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 \u2013 0.35;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01). Urinary schistosomiasis persists among women attending cervical cancer screening, supporting inclusion of women of reproductive age in control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2025-0034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T07:22:10Z","timestamp":1772436130000},"page":"296-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis in women attending cervical cancer screening in Sithobela, Eswatini: A facility-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"M. N.","family":"Mathobela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master of Public Health Program, Texila American University , Lusaka , Zambia"},{"name":"Malaria & Neglected Tropical Diseases Program, Ministry of Health , Mbabane , Eswatini"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. W.","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P. S.","family":"Motsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Research and Innovations Unit, Educational Youth Empowerment , Manzini , Eswatini"},{"name":"Strategic Information Department, Ministry of Health , Mbabane , Eswatini"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. K.","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of International Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081912530637009_j_helm-2025-0034_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buonfrate, D., Ferrari, T.C.A., Adegnika, A.A., Stothard, J.R., Gobbi, F.G. (2025): Human schistosomiasis. 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