{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T07:10:31Z","timestamp":1788851431336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the most harmful nematode responsible for severe anemia and mortality in lambs. Conventional control strategies rely heavily on synthetic anthelmintics; however, this approach promotes the generation of anthelmintic (AH) resistance. Plants with AH properties offer a natural alternative for sustainable control. This study evaluated the\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    nematocidal activity (NA) of hydroalcoholic extracts (E-HOH) obtained from the fruits of\n                    <jats:italic>Luffa aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic>\n                    (sponge gourd) and\n                    <jats:italic>Prosopis laevigata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (mesquite). Qualitative phytochemical analyses were performed to identify secondary compounds in both extracts. The extracts were tested against exsheathed third-stage larvae (L3) of\n                    <jats:italic>Haemonchus contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg\/mL. Distilled water and ivermectin (5 mg\/mL) were used as controls. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey\u2019s post hoc test (P&lt; 0.05), and lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were determined using PROBIT analysis. Both extracts exhibited NA, achieving ~80% mortality at 100 mg\/mL, while concentrations of 50 mg\/mL reached &gt;50% mortality (P&lt;0.05). PROBIT analysis confirmed concentration-dependent effects, with LC50 values of 30.78 mg\/mL for\n                    <jats:italic>L. aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 33.96 mg\/mL for\n                    <jats:italic>P. laevigata<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Phytochemical identification included alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, triterpenes\/sterols, and saponins. These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>L. aegyptiaca<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. laevigata<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit extracts contain compounds with potent\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    AH effects against\n                    <jats:italic>H. contortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    L3, highlighting their potential use for controlling haemonchosis in sheep.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2026-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:57:21Z","timestamp":1788850641000},"page":"118-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Organic extracts from\n                    <i>Luffa aegyptiaca<\/i>\n                    (Mill) and\n                    <i>Prosopis laevigata<\/i>\n                    (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd) M.C. Johnst fruits exhibit\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    larvicidal activity against\n                    <i>Haemonchus contortus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (CENID-SAI-INIFAP) , Boulevard Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec , Morelos , , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Gruintal-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences , Autonomous University of Guerrero , Calle Perif\u00e9rico Poniente, Villa Guadalupe, Iguala de la Independencia , Guerrero , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Delgado-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences , Autonomous University of Guerrero , Calle Perif\u00e9rico Poniente, Villa Guadalupe, Iguala de la Independencia , Guerrero , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Espinosa-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences , Autonomous University of Guerrero , Calle Perif\u00e9rico Poniente, Villa Guadalupe, Iguala de la Independencia , Guerrero , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sotelo-Leyva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences . Autonomous University of Guerrero , Av. L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Chilpancingo , Guerrero , , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Toledo-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences . Autonomous University of Guerrero , Av. L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas S\/N, Ciudad Universitaria Sur, Chilpancingo , Guerrero , , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Y.","family":"Ocampo-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (CENID-SAI-INIFAP) , Boulevard Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec , Morelos , , M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Faculty of High Studies-Cuautitl\u00e1n , National Autonomous University of Mexico , Cuautitl\u00e1n PC 54714, Mexico, Carretera Cuautitl\u00e1n-Teoloyucan km 2.5 San Sebasti\u00e1n Xhala, PC 54714 , Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli , Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mendoza-De Gives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety (CENID-SAI-INIFAP) , Boulevard Paseo Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec , Morelos , , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adduci, I., Sajovitz, F., Hinney, B., Lichtmannsperger, K., Joachim, A., Wittek, T., Yan, S. (2022): Haemonchosis in sheep and goats, control strategies and development of vaccines against Haemonchus contortus. Animals, 12(18): 2339. DOI: 10.3390\/ani12182339","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12182339"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_002","unstructured":"Arias-Cede\u00f1o, Q., Vald\u00e9s-Izaguirre, L., Rem\u00f3n-Zamora, N., Ram\u00edrez-Arzuaga, I.J. (2018): In vitro antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extracts of fruits of Luffa cylindrica L. Roem. Multimed, 22(4): 738 \u2013 748. https:\/\/revmultimed.sld.cu\/index.php\/mtm\/article\/view\/921 (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becerril-Gil, M. M. N., Estrada-Flores, J. G., Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar, M., Zamilpa, A., Endara-Agramont, \u00c1. R., Mendoza-de Gives, P., L\u00f3pez-Arellano, M. E., Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez, A. (2023): Bioactive compounds from the parasitic plant Arceuthobium vaginatum inhibit Haemonchus contortus egg hatching. Brazilian J Vet Parasitol, 33(1): e013223. DOI: 10.1590\/s1984-29612024004","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612024004"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_004","unstructured":"Bejarano-Pichen, Y.M. (2019): Efecto antiparasitario in vitro del extracto acuoso de semillas de Inga edulis y Cucurbita m\u00e1xima sobre Ascaris suum [In vitro antiparasitic effect of the aqueous extract of Inga edulis and Cucurbita maxima seeds on Ascaris suum]. Bachelor Thesis. Repositorio Institucional-Universidad C\u00e9sar Vallejo, Per\u00fa. (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_005","unstructured":"Chifa, C. (2010): La perspectiva social de la medicina tradicional [The social perspective of traditional medicine]. Bolet\u00edn Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Arom\u00e1ticas, 9(4): 242 \u2013 245 (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortes-Morales, J.A., Salinas-S\u00e1nchez, D.O., Perea-Flores, M.J., Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar, M., Tapia-Maruri, D., L\u00f3pez-Arellano, M.E., Rivas-Gonz\u00e1lez, J.M., Zamilpa, A., Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez, A. (2024): In vitro anthelmintic activity and colocalization analysis of hydroxy-cinnamic acids obtained from Chamaecrista nictitans against two Haemonchus contortus isolates. Vet Parasitol, 331: 110282. DOI: 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110282"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Jes\u00fas-Mart\u00ednez, X., Rivero-P\u00e9rez, N., Zamilpa, A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar, M., Olivares-P\u00e9rez, J., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., Mendoza-de Gives, P., Villa-Mancera, A., Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez, A. (2024): In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract and its fractions from Cyrtocarpa procera fruits on Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol, 262: 108777. DOI: 10.1016\/j.exppara.2024.108777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2024.108777"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_008","unstructured":"De la Paz, L., De los Angeles, C., Castillo, M.A., Fr\u00edas, T.J. (2012): Actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos de Luffa cylindrica L. [Antimicrobial activity of Luffa cylindrica L. extracts]. Multimed, 16(S:1). (In Spanish)"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-Altamirano, R., Monzote, L., Pi\u00f1\u00f3n-T\u00e1panes, A., Vibrans, H., Rivero-Cruz, J.F., Ibarra-Alvarado, C., Rojas-Molina, A. (2017): In vitro antileishmanial activity of Mexican medicinal plants. Heliyon, 3: e00394. DOI: 10.1016\/j.heliyon.2017.e00394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2017.e00394"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, E.J., Zamilpa, A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar, M., Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez, A., Cardoso-Taketa, A., S\u00e1nchez-Mendoza, E., Tapia-Maruri, D., Salinas-S\u00e1nchez, D., Mendoza-de Gives, P. (2020): Isorhamnetin: A nematocidal flavonoid from Prosopis laevigata leaves against Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae. Biomolecules, 10(5): 773. DOI: 10.3390\/biom10050773","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050773"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, E.J., L\u00f3pez-Arellano, M.E., Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez, A., D\u00edaz-N\u00e1jera, J.F., Ocampo-Guti\u00e9rrez, A.Y., Mendoza-de Gives, P. (2023a): Phytochemical profile and nematicidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract from Cazahuate flowers (Ipomoea pauciflora M. Martens & Galeotti) against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. Trop Biomed, 40(1): 1 \u2013 7. DOI: 10.47665\/tb.40.1.017","DOI":"10.47665\/tb.40.1.017"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, E.J., De Jes\u00fas Adame-Zambrano, T., Gruintal-Santos, M. \u00c1., Franco, G.F., Toledo-Hern\u00e1ndez, E., Sotelo-Leyva, C. (2023b): Aqueous extract of Carica papaya latex has ovicidal activity against the sheep parasite Haemonchus contortus. South Entomol, 48(3): 541 \u2013 550. DOI: 10.3958\/059.048.0305","DOI":"10.3958\/059.048.0305"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, E.J., Gruintal-Santos, M.A., Palem\u00f3n-Alberto, F., Ortega-Acosta, A., D\u00edaz-N\u00e1jera, J.F., Ayvar-Serna, S., Toledo-Hern\u00e1ndez, E., Tagle-Emigdio, L.J., Sotelo-Leyva, C. (2025): Phytochemical analysis and nematicidal-insecticidal activity of an acetone extract of Prosopis laevigata against Haemonchus contortus and Melanaphis sorghi. Trop Biomed, 42(1): 15 \u2013 20. DOI: 10.47665\/tb.42.1.003","DOI":"10.47665\/tb.42.1.003"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_014","unstructured":"Dom\u00ednguez, X.A. (1973): M\u00e9todos de investigaci\u00f3n fitoqu\u00edmica [Methods of Phytochemical Research]. M\u00e9xico, Limusa, 581, 19 D6. 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DOI: 10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.107984"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondrag\u00f3n-Ancelmo, J., Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez, A., Reyes-Guerrero, D.E., Ram\u00edrez-Vargas, G., Ariza-Rom\u00e1n, A.E., L\u00f3pez-Arellano, M.E., et al. (2019): Detection of gastrointestinal nematode populations resistant to albendazole and ivermectin in sheep. Animals, 9(10): 775. DOI: 10.3390\/ani9100775","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100775"},{"key":"2026090806571501668_j_helm-2026-0013_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mungu\u00eda-X\u00f3chihua, J., Navarro-Grave, R., Hern\u00e1ndez-Ch\u00e1vez, J., Molina-Barrios, R., Cedillo-Cobi\u00e1n, J., Granados-Reyna, J. (2018): Gastroenteric parasites, population Haemonchus contortus in goats in semiarid climate of Bacum, Sonora, Mexico. Abanico Vet, 8(3): 42 \u2013 50. 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