{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1789053054779,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rice (\n                    <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.) is a major staple cereal crop that sustains nearly two-thirds of the global population, particularly in Asia. India is one of the leading producers and consumers of rice, with the state of Bihar playing a significant role in national rice production. However, rice productivity is constrained by several biotic and abiotic factors, among which plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) represent an important yet often overlooked limitation. Rice grown under waterlogged conditions is vulnerable to infestation by various PPNs, resulting in substantial yield losses. The present study was conducted to assess the occurrence, distribution, and community structure of PPN's associated with rice cropping systems across six districts of agro-climatic zone IIIA of Bihar. Nematodes were extracted from both root and soil samples and analyzed for population density and community parameters. The results revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were the pre-dominant nematodes in both root and soil samples. Community analysis further demonstrated that the frequency, density, and dominance of the root-knot nematode (\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) were significantly higher than those of other PPNs in the rice ecosystem. These findings highlight the widespread prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in rice fields of Bihar and provide a scientific basis for developing region-specific nematode management strategies to enhance rice productivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2026-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:57:15Z","timestamp":1789052235000},"page":"152-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with rice in the south-eastern Agro-climatic Zone (IIIA) of Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6430-7907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Hatzade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India - (BAU COMMUNICATION No.2486\/260612)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Satyendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India -"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Engineering, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India -"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India - (BAU COMMUNICATION No.2486\/260612)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India - (BAU COMMUNICATION No.2486\/260612)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India - (BAU COMMUNICATION No.2486\/260612)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Bihar Agricultural College , Bihar Agricultural University , Sabour , India - (BAU COMMUNICATION No.2486\/260612)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. N.","family":"Chavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research , Hyderabad , India -500030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_001","unstructured":"Abodolereza, A., Racionzer, P. (2009): Food outlook: global market analysis. Food and Agriculture Organization, pp. 23 \u2013 27"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_002","unstructured":"Anonymous (2022): Agriculture statistics at a glance. Govt. of India, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers' Welfare, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi."},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_003","unstructured":"Baermann, G. (1917): Eine einfache Methode zur Auffindung von Ankylostomum (Nematoden) Larven in Erdproben [A simple method for detecting Ankylostomum (nematode) larvae in soil samples]. Geneesk. Tijdschr. Ned Indie, 57: 131 \u2013 137 (In German)"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_004","unstructured":"Bridge, J., Michel, L., Plowright, R.A. (1990): Nematodes parasites of rice. In: Luc, M., Sikora, R.A., Bridge, J. (Eds) Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, pp. 69 \u2013 108"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_005","unstructured":"Cobb, N.A. (1918): Estimating the nematode population of soil. Agric Tech Circ Bur Pl Ind US Dep Agric, No. 1."},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, J.T., Haegeman, A., Danchin, E.G.J., Gaur, H.S., Helder, J., Jones, M.G.K., Kikuchi, T., Manzanilla-Lopez, R., Palomares-Rius, J.E., Wesemael, W.M.L., Perry, R.N. (2013): Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol, 14: 946 \u2013 961. DOI: 10.1111\/mpp.12057","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12057"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_007","unstructured":"Khan, M.R. (2005): Community analysis of plant and soil nematodes in jute-rice cropping system in West Bengal. Pak J Nematol, 23(1): 181 \u2013 186"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Khan, M.R., Walia, R.K. (2020): Crop Loss Estimations due to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Major Crops in India. Natl Acad Sci Lett, 43, 409 \u2013 412. DOI: 10.1007\/s40009-020-00895-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s40009-020-00895-2"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyndt, T., Fernandez, D., Gheysen, G. (2014): Plant-parasitic nematode infections in rice: molecular and cellular insights. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 52: 135 \u2013 153. DOI: 10.1146\/annurev-phyto-102313-050111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-102313-050111"},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_010","unstructured":"Lorenzana, O.J., Matamis, P.P., Mallillin, C.B., Jose, O.L., De Leon, D.S. (1999): Cultural management practices to control rice root knot nematode. Regional Research and Development Symposia, Los Banos, 120 pp."},{"key":"2026091014570712535_j_helm-2026-0016_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musarrat, A.R., Shahina, F., Shah, A.A., Saba, R., Feroza, K. 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(2000): Tylenchida - parasites of plants and insects. 2nd Edition, London, UK: CABI Publishing, 852 pp.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851992020.0000"}],"container-title":["Helminthologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/helm-2026-0016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:57:21Z","timestamp":1789052241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/helm-2026-0016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/helm-2026-0016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/helm-2026-0016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1336-9083"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1336-9083","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}