{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:06:51Z","timestamp":1777644411137,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jccm-2021-0026_s_006\">\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The 2018 Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines on the \u201cPrevention and Management of Pain, Agitation\/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Patients in the ICU\u201d advocate for protocol-based analgosedation practices. There are limited data available to guide which analgesic to use. This study compares outcomes in patients who received continuous infusions of fentanyl or hydromorphone as sedative agents in the intensive care setting.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jccm-2021-0026_s_007\">\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients admitted into the medical intensive care unit, the surgical intensive care unit, and the cardiac intensive care unit from April 1, 2017, to August 1, 2018, who were placed on continuous analgesics. Patients were divided according to receipt of fentanyl or hydromorphone as a continuous infusion as a sedative agent. The primary endpoints were ICU length of stay and time on mechanical ventilation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jccm-2021-0026_s_008\">\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 177 patients were included in the study; 103 received fentanyl as a continuous infusion, and 74 received hydromorphone as a continuous infusion. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Patients in the hydromorphone group had deeper sedation targets. Median ICU length of stay was eight days in the fentanyl group compared to seven days in the hydromorphone group (p = 0.11) and median time on mechanical ventilation was 146.47 hours in the fentanyl group and 122.33 hours in the hydromorphone group (p = 0.31). There were no statistically significant differences in the primary endpoints of ICU length of stay and time on mechanical ventilation between fentanyl and hydromorphone for analgosedation purposes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec id=\"j_jccm-2021-0026_s_009\">\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No statistically significant differences were found in the primary endpoints studied. Patients in the hydromorphone group required more tracheostomies, restraints, and were more likely to have a higher proportion of Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) scores &gt; 2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/jccm-2021-0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T03:56:19Z","timestamp":1628222179000},"page":"192-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analgosedation: The use of Fentanyl Compared to Hydromorphone"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hahnl","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Radparvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Aitken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry","family":"Altshuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack Meridian Health JFK Medical Center , Edison , NJ , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024043016370231189_j_jccm-2021-0026_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devabhakthuni S, Armahizer M, Data J, et al. Analgosedation: A paradigm shift in intensive care unit sedation practice. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(4):530-40.","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q525"},{"key":"2024043016370231189_j_jccm-2021-0026_ref_002","unstructured":"Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, G\u00e9linas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/ sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018;46:e825\u201373."},{"key":"2024043016370231189_j_jccm-2021-0026_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faust AC, Rajan P, Sheperd LA, et al. Impact of an Analgesia-Based Sedation Protocol on Mechanically Ventilated Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Anesth Analg. 2016;123(4):903-9.","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001393"},{"key":"2024043016370231189_j_jccm-2021-0026_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dahab AA, Grabner T, Rehak PH, et al. 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