{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T20:28:28Z","timestamp":1787257708588,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Monitoring fluid accumulation in the lungs is critical in conditions such as pulmonary edema and pneumonia. Current diagnostic modalities, including auscultation, chest X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography, either involve ionizing radiation or are not suitable for continuous long-term monitoring. This study investigated the feasibility of a non-invasive, non-ionizing electrical impedance\u2013based approach for continuous assessment of pulmonary fluid accumulation using computational modeling. Firstly, CT images of human subjects were used to build a simplified thorax model. Different parts of human thorax including airways, left and right lungs, and soft tissue were segmented using a segmentation software Materialise Mimics\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    and imported into COMSOL Multiphysics\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    for finite element analysis. Tetrapolar transfer impedance was computed at multiple vertical electrode positions under baseline (air-filled lung) and fluid-accumulation conditions. The results demonstrated a measurable reduction in impedance in the presence of fluid, particularly at electrode levels corresponding to the fluid-filled lower lobes. A linear relationship between impedance and fluid volume was observed (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9972 for the left lung and R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9998 for the right lung), with sensitivities of \u2212466.74 m\u03a9\/100 mL and \u2212754.75 m\u03a9\/100 mL, respectively. For clinically relevant fluid accumulations (\u2265300 mL), the predicted impedance change exceeded 2 \u03a9, indicating practical detectability. Frequency-domain analysis (5\u20131000 kHz) further demonstrated consistent impedance contrast across the investigated range. These findings suggest that tetrapolar electrical impedance measurements have the potential for continuous monitoring of pulmonary fluid changes and provide a foundation for future experimental validation in human subjects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/joeb-2026-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:59:58Z","timestamp":1774465198000},"page":"4-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Finite element modeling of human thorax for electrical bioimpedance based monitoring of pulmonary fluid accumulation"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Frijia","family":"Mortuza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka , , Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Sciences , BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology , Dhaka , , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shahriar","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka , , Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology , Saidpur , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Zaman","family":"Molla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physics, Department of Arts and Sciences , Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology , Dhaka , , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Ibrahim","family":"Al Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka , , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Abdul Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Physics and Technology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka , , Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082019595294537_j_joeb-2026-0002_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assaad S, Kratzert WB, Shelley B, Friedman MB, Perrino Jr A. Assessment of pulmonary edema: principles and practice. 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Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2023;91(5):445\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/arm91050034","DOI":"10.3390\/arm91050034"},{"key":"2026082019595294537_j_joeb-2026-0002_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platz E, Jhund PS, Campbell RT, McMurray JJ. Assessment and prevalence of pulmonary oedema in contemporary acute heart failure trials: a systematic review. European Journal of Heart Failure. 2015;17(9):906\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.321","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.321"},{"key":"2026082019595294537_j_joeb-2026-0002_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degefu N, Jambo A, Nigusse S, Dechasa M, Gashaw T, Getachew M. The burden and contributing factors of cardiogenic pulmonary edema among acute heart failure patients admitted to tertiary hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. 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