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As a proof of concept, a 20-cm multilayer model was developed to establish and characterise the materials and fabrication approach required for future full-scale sensor validation. Electrical and mechanical characterisation of polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) and PVA-based fat and muscle phantoms was performed. The influence of freeze-thaw cycle number and duration on electrical properties and Shore hardness was investigated to support large-scale multilayer fabrication. Muscle anisotropy was reproduced via directional structuring. Reproducibility of electrical properties and long-term stability of PVA-C hydrogels were evaluated under refrigerated, vacuum-sealed storage. A practical methodology for assembling multilayer anthropomorphic leg phantoms was implemented. Electrical properties remained stable across the investigated freeze\/thaw conditions, whereas Shore hardness increased with the number of cycles. Two 20-cm-high, three-layer anthropomorphic leg phantoms, representing healthy and stage 2 pathological condition, were fabricated using 3D-printed moulds integrating bone, muscle, and fat. Interfacial bonding between the layers provided mechanical cohesion and electrical continuity. Bioimpedance measurements showed consistent differences between the healthy and lymphedema-mimicking configurations. The methodology enables fabrication and assembly of multilayer anthropomorphic leg phantoms with electrical stability and mechanical cohesion. This proof-of-concept provides a basis for the development of a full-scale anthropomorphic model and its subsequent integration with wearable bioimpedance sensing technologies for lymphedema monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/joeb-2026-0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T15:57:12Z","timestamp":1789919832000},"page":"121-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A biomimetic anthropomorphic leg phantom for wearable bioimpedance sensing in lymphedema monitoring"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Bublex","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS , Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270 , Villeurbanne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalric","family":"Montalibet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS , Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270 , Villeurbanne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Massot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS , Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270 , Villeurbanne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudine","family":"Gehin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS , Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270 , Villeurbanne , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092015570799844_j_joeb-2026-0014_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2023 Consensus. 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