{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:05:45Z","timestamp":1790262345644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plant-parasitic nematodes remain a pervasive yet often hidden constraint on crop productivity, smallholder livelihoods, and market access. This proceedings integrates four vantage points. First, a sub-Saharan African perspective describes how intensification, reliance on informal seed systems, and limited diagnostics allow root-knot nematodes (\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) and potato cyst nematodes (PCN) to proliferate in vegetables, tubers, and perennials. Second, a global biogeographic analysis maps soil nematode abundance and trophic structure and demonstrates strong associations with soil organic carbon and temperature, allowing climate-informed risk anticipation. Third, a state-level case study from North Carolina details the response to\n                    <jats:italic>Meloidogyne enterolobii<\/jats:italic>\n                    through interior quarantine, commodity-aligned outreach, and a dedicated quarantine nursery that de-risks field research. Fourth, a South American regulatory perspective from Chile illustrates PCN regionalization and an emergency response to\n                    <jats:italic>Aphelenchoides fragariae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in strawberry, which balanced risk management and socio-economic realities. Cross-cutting priorities include climate-informed surveillance, high-throughput diagnostics, clean seed and nursery certification, and risk-proportionate quarantine aligned with trade. Recommendations for policymakers include coordinated monitoring, harmonized diagnostics, grower-centric extension, and enabling policy frameworks for integrated nematode management and trade resilience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/jofnem-2026-0024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:28:14Z","timestamp":1790260094000},"page":"453-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding the impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on global food security and trade in a changing world"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Inga A.","family":"Zasada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Corvallis , OR 97331 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Coyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture , Nairobi , Kenya"},{"name":"Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"van den Hoogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich , Z\u00fcrich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Gorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC 27695 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana Acevedo","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero, Ministerio de Agricultura, Gobierno de Chile , Santiago , Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Mimee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu , Qu\u00e9bec, J3B 3E6 , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castagnone-Sereno, P. 2012. Meloidogyne enterolobii ( = M. mayaguensis): profile of an emerging, highly pathogenic, root-knot nematode species. Nematology 14:133\u2013138.","DOI":"10.1163\/156854111X601650"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coyne, D. L., Cortada, L., Dalzell, J. J., Claudius-Cole, A. O., Haukeland, S., Luambano, N., et al. 2018. Plant-parasitic nematodes and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Review of Phytopathology 56:381\u2013403.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-080417-045833"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"del Prado Vera, I. C. 2022. Necesidad de la ense\u00f1anza de la nematologia agr\u00edcola en Am\u00e9rica Latina. The need for the teaching of agricultural nematology in Latin America. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 5:1044\u20131053.","DOI":"10.34188\/bjaerv5n1-078"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutta, T. K., and Phani, V. 2023. The pervasive impact of global climate change on plant-nematode interaction continuum. Frontiers in Plant Science 14:1143889. doi: 10.3389\/fpls.2023.1143889.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1143889"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_005","unstructured":"IPPC Secretariat. 2016a. Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade. International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures No. 1. Rome, FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/ddbcfd3b-13f3-42ea-ab4a-e0f08f01264b\/content"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_006","unstructured":"IPPC Secretariat. 2016b. Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests. No. 27. Rome, FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/66d30348-138e-4eea-9161-bd2316e7cf58\/content"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_007","unstructured":"IPPC Secretariat. 2019. Framework for pest risk analysis. No. 2. Rome, FAO on behalf of the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention.  https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/547258dd-7817-4cb0-bb49-ff362ee5215c\/content"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kantor, C., Eisenback, J. D., and Kantor, M. 2024. Biosecurity risks to human food supply associated with plant-parasitic nematodes. Frontiers in Plant Science 15:1404335.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1404335"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karuri, H. 2022. Root and soil health management approaches for control of plant\u2011parasitic nematodes in sub\u2011Saharan Africa. Crop Protection 152:105841.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2021.105841"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_010","unstructured":"Kruus, E., 2012. Impact of trade on distribution of potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) and other plant nematodes. Agronomy Research 10:319\u2013328."},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_011","unstructured":"Marques de Carvalho, L., Benda, N. D., Vaughan, M. M., Cabrera, A. R., Hung, K., Cox, T., et al. 2015. Mi-1-mediated nematode resistance in tomatoes is broken by short-term heat stress but recovers over time. Journal of Nematology 47:1330140."},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_012","unstructured":"North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Plant Industry Division. 2020. Declaration of Interior Quarantine for the Guava Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii. https:\/\/www.ncagr.gov\/divisions\/plant-industry\/nc-guava-root-knot-nematode-quarantine\/download? attachment"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lennon, J. T., Abramoff, R. Z., Allison, S. D., Burckhardt, R. M., DeAngelis, K. M., Dunne, J. P., et al. 2024. Priorities, opportunities, and challenges for integrating microorganisms into Earth system models for climate change predictions. MBio 15(5):e00455-24.","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00455-24"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ochola, J., Cortada, L., Mwaura, O., Tariku, M., Christensen, S. A., Ng\u2019ang\u2019a, M., et al. 2022. Wrap-and-plant technology to manage sustainably potato cyst nematodes in East Africa. Nature Sustainability 5:425\u2013433.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-00852-5"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_015","unstructured":"OECD. 2024. Co-operative Research Programme: Sustainable Agricultural and Food Systems. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France. Available at: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/about\/programmes\/co-operative-research-programme.html"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul, E. A. 2015. Soil microbiology, ecology, and biochemistry: an exciting present and great future built on basic knowledge and unifying concepts. Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry, 4th ed. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-415955-6.00001-3"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philbrick, A. N., Adhikari, T. B., Louws, F. J., and Gorny, A. M. 2020. Meloidogyne enterolobii, a major threat to tomato production: Current status and future prospects for its management. Frontiers in Plant Science 11:606395.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.606395"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_018","unstructured":"Plant Health Australia. 2010. Biosecurity Manual for the Nursery Production Industry (Version 1.0). https:\/\/www.farmbiosecurity.com.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Biosecurity-Manual-for-the-Nursery-Production-Industry.pdf"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_019","unstructured":"Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero. 2016. Resoluci\u00f3n Exenta N\u00b0 3276: Declara \u00e1rea libre de plagas cuarentenarias de la papa. Establece medidas sanitarias y deroga resoluciones que indica [Exempt Resolution No. 3276: Declares area free of quarantine pests for potatoes\u2026 Establishes sanitary measures and repeals indicated resolutions] (Res. Ex. No. 3276\/2016). Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero. https:\/\/www.sag.gob.cl\/sites\/default\/files\/res._3276-2016_alpcp_0.pdf"},{"key":"2026092414151258950_j_jofnem-2026-0024_ref_020","unstructured":"Servicio Agr\u00edcola y Ganadero. 2022. 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Plant Disease 97:1262.","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-03-13-0228-PDN"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/jofnem-2026-0024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:28:28Z","timestamp":1790260108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/jofnem-2026-0024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/jofnem-2026-0024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jofnem-2026-0024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-396X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-396X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}