{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:33:35Z","timestamp":1791999215834,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Centre for Evaluation in Education and Science (CEON\/CEES)","issue":"0","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jomb-2019-0033_s_006\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by altered pain perception with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain. The relationship between nitric oxide, oxidative stress and the severity of FMS has not been studied. This study evaluated NO levels in plasma, LPO products and antioxidants in Red Cell lysate in patients of FMS and correlated it with disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jomb-2019-0033_s_007\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>105 FMS patients who fulfilled 1990 ACR Criteria and 105 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited over two years from 2013 to 2015. Antioxidative enzyme activity was assessed by the estimation of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nitric oxide in plasma, MDA marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the lysate was donen for estimating oxidative stress. FIQR was used to assess the severity of fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jomb-2019-0033_s_008\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly low in patients than controls (p&lt;0.001). Plasma NO levels and LPO were also significantly high (p&lt;0.05). NO and LPO levels showed a significant positive correlation with FIQR (r: 0.57, 0.8 and p: &lt;0.001) whereas a negative correlation was observed between antioxidants (Cat, GR and GPx, but not SOD) and FIQR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"j_jomb-2019-0033_s_009\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Low antioxidants and raised LPO in RBC lysate in patients with FM together with high plasma NO correlated with the severity of FMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/jomb-2019-0033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T09:31:19Z","timestamp":1563615079000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants in primary fibromyalgia and correlation with disease severity"],"prefix":"10.5937","volume":"0","author":[{"given":"Varsha","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas Ali","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhanshi","family":"Khandpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3964","reference":[{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0738-x","article-title":"Serum antioxidants and nitric oxide levels in fibromyalgia: a controlled study","volume":"29","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.03.006","article-title":"Role of central sensitization in symptoms beyond muscle pain, and the evaluation of a patient with widespread pain","volume":"21","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pact Res Clan Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v05n04_02","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant status and bromyalgia","volume":"5","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Pain"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2006","journal-title":"The NO\/ONOO- cycle as the cause of fibromyalgia and related illnesses: Etiology, explanation and effective therapy"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"673\u201384","article-title":"Catalase","year":"1974","journal-title":"Methods of Enzymatic, Analysis"},{"key":"ref61","first-page":"377","article-title":"Nitric oxide as a physiopathological factor in neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"18","year":"2004","journal-title":"In vivo"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J094v05n04_02","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant status and bromyalgia","volume":"5","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Pain"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-005-0079-y","article-title":"Antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide in fibromyalgia: etiologic and therapeutic concerns","volume":"26","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-006-0433-9","article-title":"Central sensitization: a biopsychosocial explanation for chronic widespread pain in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"26","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8564111","article-title":"Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications, Environ","volume":"64","year":"1985","journal-title":"Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-002-0046-1","article-title":"Peripheral and central sensitization in fibromyalgia: pathogenetic role","volume":"6","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"143","article-title":"Dysfunctional syndromes and fibromyalgia: a 2012 critical digest","volume":"30","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012;"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(85)90048-X","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activity in the ageing mouse","volume":"29","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mechanism of Ageing and Development"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"275","article-title":"No evidence for an association between the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"27","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"130","article-title":"Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase by nitric oxide. 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