{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:06:41Z","timestamp":1777975601395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Gas gangrene (GG) remains a life-threatening and deadly disease. Early recognition together with daily surgical debridement remains the mainstay of therapy. We sought to describe a fatal case of necrotizing soft tissue infection, which was a gas gagrene in this case. This case was remarkable as two main sites were infected simultaneously in geographical zones very far from each other making dissemination between both sites almost impossible. The other particularity was the fact that the infection was caused at the same time by four different bacteria that is atypical in GG similar to that in streptoccocal necrotizing fasciitis where one bacteria is the causative agent (<jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic> for GG and group A streptococcus for necrotizing fasciitis).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2020-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T15:51:59Z","timestamp":1590508319000},"page":"54-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Clostridium perfringens<\/i> in gas gangrene: Still a smoked gun!"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Thierry","family":"Preseau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Deviendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive care Departement, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Duttman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachid","family":"Attou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive care Departement, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Franck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Claeys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Honor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive care Departement, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David De","family":"Bels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive care Departement, Brugmann University Hospital , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_001_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brook I. Microbiolgy and management of soft tissue and muscle infections. Int J Surg 2008; 6: 328-38.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2007.07.001"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_002_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yildiz T, G\u00fcnde\u015f S, Willke A, Solak M, Toker K. Spontaneous, nontraumatic gas gangrene due to Clostridium perfringens. Int J Infect Dis 2006; 10: 83-5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.02.005"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_003_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poromanski I, Andriessen A. Developing a tool to diagnose cases of necrotising fasciitis. J Wound Care 2004; 13: 307-10.","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2004.13.8.26660"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_004_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao-Fleming H, Dissanaike S, Rumbaugh K. Are anaerobes a major, underappreciated cause of necrotizing infections? Anaerobe 2017; 45: 65-70.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.04.012"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_005_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honor\u00e9 PM, Lozana A, Dugernier T, Harding D, Jamez J, Wauthier M, et al. Toxic shock syndrome due to Lancefield group A and G streptococci. Current concepts, clinical aspects and therapeutic challenges. Med Mal Infect 1999; 29: 5-11.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(99)80002-X"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_006_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honor\u00e9 PM, Lozana A, Defalque D, Efstratiou A. Fatal septic shock due to Lancefield group G Streptococcus. Acta Clin Belg 1996; 51: 57-60.","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.1996.11718485"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_007_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartel M, Kutup A, Gehl A, Zustin J, Grossterlinden LG, Rueger JM, et al. Foudroyant Course of an Extensive Clostridium septicum Gas Gangrene in a Diabetic Patient with Occult Carcinoma of the Colon. Case Rep Orthop 2013; 2013: 216382.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/216382"},{"key":"2023042508113613926_j_jtim-2020-0009_ref_008_w2aab3b7c23b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu J, Wu XT, Kong XF, Tang WH, Cheng JM, et al. Gas gangrene without wound: both lower extremities affected simultaneously. 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