{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T03:15:39Z","timestamp":1780629339282,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an important cause of chronic liver disease. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and factors predicting response to treatment in patients with AIH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this prospective observational study, all patients diagnosed with AIH from 2017 to 2019 were included. Biochemical response to the treatment was checked three months after the start of the treatment. Response was considered good if transaminases normalized, or poor if either remained persistently elevated or improved partially.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the total 56 patients, 41 (73.2%) were females. Mean age was 29.5 (\u00b116.9) years. About half (53.6%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) the patients were aged &lt; 25 years and majority [47 (83.9%)] were cirrhotic. Autoimmune serology was negative in 20 (35.7%). Seronegativity was associated with severe necroinflammation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015) and esophageal varices (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.021). Response to treatment was good in 34 (60.7%). Bivariate analysis showed that good response to treatment was associated with pre-treatment serum IgG level &gt; 20 g\/L (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024), presence of pseudorosettes on histopathology (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.029) and three months post-immunosuppression serum total bilirubin &lt; 2mg\/dL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only pre-treatment serum IgG &gt;20 g\/L (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.038) and post-treatment serum total bilirubin &lt;2 mg\/dL (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004) were independent predictors of good response to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Majority of AIH patients in our study were young and cirrhotic. A negative autoimmune serology does not rule out AIH and liver biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Seronegative AIH rapidly progresses to advanced liver disease. Response to treatment is good with pre-treatment IgG &gt; 20g\/L and post-treatment total bilirubin &lt; 2 mg\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2020-0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T16:22:26Z","timestamp":1594743746000},"page":"106-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Autoimmune hepatitis: Clinical characteristics and predictors of biochemical response to treatment"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Abbas Ali","family":"Tasneem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatogastroenterology , Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir Hassan","family":"Luck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatogastroenterology , Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation , Karachi , Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_001_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalekos GN, Koskinas J, Papatheodoridis GV. Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32: 1\u201323.","DOI":"10.20524\/aog.2018.0330"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_002_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enomoto H, Nishiguchi S. Similarities and Differences in Autoimmune Hepatitis Epidemiology between East and West: Autoimmune Hepatitis in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Inflamm Intest Dis 2017; 1: 150\u20138.","DOI":"10.1159\/000454879"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_003_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurung A, Assis DN, McCarty TR, Mitchell KA, Boyer JL, Jain D. Histologic features of autoimmune hepatitis: a critical appraisal. Hum Pathol 2018; 82: 51\u201360.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.07.014"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_004_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lohse AW, Chazouilleres O, Dalekos G, Drenth J, Heneghan M, Hofer H, et al. EASL clinical practice guidelines: autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 2015; 63: 971\u20131004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.06.030"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_005_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lammert C, Loy VM, Oshima K, Gawrieh S. Management of Difficult Cases of Autoimmune Hepatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2016; 18: 9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-015-0484-7"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_006_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b6Aa","unstructured":"Linzay CD, Sharma B, Pandit S. Autoimmune Hepatitis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020."},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_007_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baven-Pronk MAMC, Biewenga M, van Silfhout JJ, van den Berg AP, van Buuren HR, Verwer BJ, et al. Role of age in presentation, response to therapy and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9: 165.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41424-018-0028-1"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_008_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdel-Razik A, Mousa N, Zakaria S, Elhelaly R, Elzehery R, Zalata K, et al. New predictive factors of poor response to therapy in autoimmune hepatitis: role of mean platelet volume. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29: 1373\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000982"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_009_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1b9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taubert R, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Noyan F, Lalanne C, Jonigk D, Schlue J, et al. Hyperferritinemia and hypergammaglobulinemia predict the treatment response to standard therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0179074.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179074"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_010_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werner M, Wallerstedt S, Lindgren S, Almer S, Bjornsson E, Bergquist A, et al. Characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with autoimmune hepatitis related to the initial treatment response. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010; 45: 457\u201367.","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903555861"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_011_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, Kerkar N, Manns MP, Mayo MJ, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Adults and Children: 2019 Practice Guidance and Guidelines From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2019; Dec 21, 2019. Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31065"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_012_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L, Callea F, DeGroote J, Gudat F, et al. Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995; 22: 696\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_013_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhuri G, Somani SK, Baba CS, Alexander G. Autoimmune hepatitis in India: profile of an uncommon disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2005; 5: 27.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-5-27"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_014_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amarapurkar D, Dharod M, Amarapurkar A: Autoimmune hepatitis in India: single tertiary referral centre experience. Trop Gastroenterol 2015;36:36\u201345.","DOI":"10.7869\/tg.243"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_015_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang F, Wang Q, Bian Z, Ren LL, Jia J, Ma X. Autoimmune hepatitis: East meets west. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30: 1230\u20136.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12952"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_016_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c16Aa","unstructured":"Zhang HW, Liu HM, Lin R, Zhou L, Zhang J, Liu WT. [Clinical features of autoimmune hepatitis patients with poor response to treatment]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2017; 25: 755\u20139."},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_017_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delgado JS, Vodonos A, Malnick S, Kriger O, Wilkof-Segev R, Delgado B, et al. Autoimmune hepatitis in southern Israel: a 15-year multicenter study. J Dig Dis 2013; 14: 611\u20138.","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12085"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_018_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvarajah V, Montano-Loza AJ, Czaja AJ. Systematic review: Managing suboptimal treatment responses in autoimmune hepatitis with conventional and nonstandard drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36: 691\u2013707.","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12042"},{"key":"2023042508084594833_j_jtim-2020-0016_ref_019_w2aab3b7c22b1b6b1ab2b1c19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngu JH, Gearry RB, Frampton CM, Stedman CA. Predictors of poor outcome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: a population-based study. Hepatology 2013; 57: 2399\u2013406.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26290"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/jtim\/8\/2\/article-p106.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.2478\/jtim-2020-0016\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.2478\/jtim-2020-0016\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T08:12:38Z","timestamp":1682410358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.2478\/jtim-2020-0016\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/jtim-2020-0016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jtim-2020-0016","relation":{},"ISSN":["2224-4018"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2224-4018","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}}}