{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:52:52Z","timestamp":1756385572243},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p> Autophagy is a self-degradation process of cellular components. It plays both antiviral and pro-viral roles in the life cycle of different viruses and the pathogenesis of different viral diseases. In this study, we evaluated autophagy induction in splenocytes of ectromelia virus (ECTV)-resistant C57BL\/6 and ECTV-susceptible BALB\/c mice during infection with the Moscow strain of the ectromelia virus (ECTV-MOS). Autophagy was analyzed using the Western blot method by assessing type II microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP1) light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 expression levels relative to \u03b2-actin. Results indicated an increased ratio of LC3-II to \u03b2-actin in splenocytes of C57BL\/6 mice only at 7 day post infection (d.p.i.) compared to uninfected animals. LC3-II\/\u03b2-actin and Beclin 1\/\u03b2-actin ratios in splenocytes of BALB\/c mice increased at 5 d.p.i. and remained high until day 14 and 7 p.i., respectively. We confirmed the formation of autophagosome structures in the spleen of BALB\/c mice by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moreover, autophagy accompanied necrosis in the splenocytes of infected animals. Results suggest that ECTV-MOS induced autophagy, especially in the spleen of the susceptible mouse strain, may support viral replication and promote cell necrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T20:41:06Z","timestamp":1369946466000},"page":"25-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vivo induction of autophagy in splenocytes of C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice infected with ectromelia orthopoxvirus"],"prefix":"10.24425","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Martyniszyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Szulc-D\u0105browska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Boraty\u0144ska-Jasi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Badowska-Kozakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Niemia\u0142towski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"37468","reference":[{"key":"ref511","first-page":"99","article-title":"Yuk bacterial diseases","author":"Yoshimori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autophagy infectious Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"71","article-title":"induced autophagy detected in vitro and in vivo promotes viral replication","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PS J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81090-0","article-title":"virus the causative agent of mousepox","author":"Esteban","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"121","article-title":"Activation of the unfolded protein response and autophagy after hepatitis C virus infection suppresses innate antiviral immunity in vitro","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"55","article-title":"pathogenesis","author":"Buller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref171","first-page":"385","article-title":"Mousepox in the strain provides an improved model for evaluating anti - poxvirus therapies","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402234","article-title":"promotes necrosis in apoptosis - deficient cells in response to ER stress","volume":"15","author":"Ullman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autophagy Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"10","article-title":"Degenhardt linas promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis inflammation tumorigenesis","author":"Mathew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autophagy Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.12.17793","article-title":"Vaccinia virus leads to conjugation and deficiency in autophagosome formation","volume":"12","author":"Moloughney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7922","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501190102","article-title":"ller promotes MHC class II presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins","author":"Dengjel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autophagy Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref351","first-page":"71","article-title":"induced autophagy detected in vitro and in vivo promotes viral replication","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"PS J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"10","article-title":"Degenhardt linas promotes tumor cell survival and restricts necrosis inflammation tumorigenesis","author":"Mathew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autophagy Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref111","first-page":"374","article-title":"machinery activated by dengue virus enhances virus replication","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2010.89","article-title":"Ischemic preconditioning induces autophagy and limits necrosis in human recipients of fatty liver grafts decreasing the incidence of rejection episodes Death","author":"Degli Esposti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Dis"},{"key":"ref451","first-page":"385","article-title":"Mousepox in the strain provides an improved model for evaluating anti - 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