{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:55:07Z","timestamp":1793202907937,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Polish Academy of Sciences Chancellery","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Information on the prevalence of subclinical endometritis and its mechanism in repeat breeding cows is very limited. The aims of this study were: a) to evaluate the incidence of this disorder with cytobrush cytology b) to analyze mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in endometrial biopsy samples collected from repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, 112 (12.4%) repeat breeding cows (inseminated at least 3 times and not pregnant) were selected out of 902 cows from 8 dairy herds. Cytobrush cytology was performed on these cows, using the threshold of 10% PMNs in uterine smears. The results showed that 45 out of the 112 cows (40.2%) were diagnosed as having subclinical endometritis. In experiment 2, uterine biopsy samples were taken from repeat breeding cows with subclinical endometritis (n = 10) and without this disorder (n = 10). Using reverse transcription- PCR, the mRNA expression of TNF\u03b1 and iNOS was determined. A statistically significant increase in expression of both substances was measured in the group of cows with subclinical endometritis (p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These results provide evidence for a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows as well as the involvement of TNF\u03b1 and iNOS pathways in the regulation of this pathological condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T16:14:07Z","timestamp":1400775247000},"page":"693-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prevalence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding cows and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the endometrium of repeat breeding cows with and without subclinical endometritis"],"prefix":"10.24425","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Janowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Bara\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"\u0141ukasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Skar\u017cy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rudowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Zdu\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"37468","reference":[{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"IM Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.06.022","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cytobrush samples harvested from cows with and without subclinical endometritis","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref181","first-page":"255","article-title":"comparison of the cytobrush and uterine lavage techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum dairy cows","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"182","article-title":"Early embryo loss is associated with local production of nitric oxide by decidual mononuclear cells","author":"Haddad EK","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref561","first-page":"122","article-title":"la Subclinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina","author":"Pl\u00f6ntzke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"122","article-title":"la Subclinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina","author":"Pl\u00f6ntzke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"245","article-title":"An investigation into the causes of reproductive failure in dairy cows II Uterine infection and endometrial histopathology in clinically normal - repeat breeder cows","volume":"26","author":"Hartigan","year":"1972","journal-title":"Irish Vet J"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"85","article-title":"Endometritis diagnosis in the cow comparison of clinical with the patho - histological diagnosis of uterus biopsies","author":"Schmidt","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref641","first-page":"73","article-title":"Reproductive performance of repeat breeders in dairy herds","author":"Yusuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"463","article-title":"Parkinson The repeat breeder syndrome In Parkinson eds Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics th ed pp","author":"Noakes DE","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.05.033","article-title":"Prevalence risk factors for and impact of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeder dairy cows","author":"Salasel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"73","article-title":"Spontaneous recovery or persistence of postpartum endometritis and risk factors for its persistence in Holstein cows","author":"Gautam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"IM Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"175","article-title":"The immune status of the bovine uterus during the peripartum period","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.06.022","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in endometrial cytobrush samples harvested from cows with and without subclinical endometritis","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"77","article-title":"in the bovine female reproductive tract","author":"Bondurant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inflammation J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90150-0","article-title":"PC EC Repeated insemination in Michigan Holstein cattle incidence descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic impact","volume":"26","author":"Bartlett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1250095","article-title":"The fundamental role of increased production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide - induced embryonic resorption in mice","volume":"125","author":"Ogando","year":"2003","journal-title":"AM Reproduction"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"205","article-title":"Repeat Breeding or conception failure in cattle In DA ed Current Therapy in Philadelphia","author":"Zemjanis","year":"1980","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"158","article-title":"Early embryo loss is associated with the prior expression of macrophage activation markers in the decidua","author":"Haddad EK","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"128","article-title":"Bacterial flora of the uterus of cows after calving on two hygienically contrasting farms","author":"Noakes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.07.018","article-title":"The diagnosis and prevalence of subclinical endometritis in cows evaluated by different cytologic thresholds","author":"Bara\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.07.018","article-title":"The diagnosis and prevalence of subclinical endometritis in cows evaluated by different cytologic thresholds","author":"Bara\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"71","article-title":"Drillich Tenhagen Forderung Prevalence of bovine subclinical endometritis after insemination and its effects on first service conception rate","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-43-115","article-title":"Charakterisation of the repeat breeding syndrome in Swedish dairy cattle","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"818","article-title":"Selected pro - inflamatory factor transcripts in bovine endometrial epithelial cells are regulated during the oestrous cycle and elevated in case of subclinical or clinical endometritis Fertil","volume":"22","author":"Fischer","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref301","first-page":"293","article-title":"de In de eds Fertilitatsstorungen beim weiblichen Rind Buchverlag","author":"Stolla","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.05.033","article-title":"Prevalence risk factors for and impact of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeder dairy cows","author":"Salasel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref141","first-page":"182","article-title":"Early embryo loss is associated with local production of nitric oxide by decidual mononuclear cells","author":"Haddad EK","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1250095","article-title":"The fundamental role of increased production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide - 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inflamatory factor transcripts in bovine endometrial epithelial cells are regulated during the oestrous cycle and elevated in case of subclinical or clinical endometritis Fertil","volume":"22","author":"Fischer","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"553","article-title":"Histological study of the endometrium of cattle with regular estrus without clinically recognizable origin","volume":"28","author":"Seitaridis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Tierarztliche Umschau"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"553","article-title":"Histological study of the endometrium of cattle with regular estrus without clinically recognizable origin","volume":"28","author":"Seitaridis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Tierarztliche Umschau"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"69","article-title":"comparison of diagnostic techniques for postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle","author":"Barlund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"69","article-title":"comparison of diagnostic techniques for postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle","author":"Barlund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"71","article-title":"Endometrial expression of selected transcripts involved in prostaglandin synthesis in cows with endometritis","author":"Gabler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3757","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of antibiotic and prostaglandin treatments for uterine health and reproductive performance in dairy cows","author":"Dubuc","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"175","article-title":"The immune status of the bovine uterus during the peripartum period","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"ref311","first-page":"73","article-title":"Reproductive performance of repeat breeders in dairy herds","author":"Yusuf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref201","first-page":"128","article-title":"Bacterial flora of the uterus of cows after calving on two hygienically contrasting farms","author":"Noakes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(86)90150-0","article-title":"PC EC Repeated insemination in Michigan Holstein cattle incidence descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic impact","volume":"26","author":"Bartlett","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref511","first-page":"255","article-title":"comparison of the cytobrush and uterine lavage techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum dairy cows","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.04.006","article-title":"IM uterine in cattle","volume":"82","author":"Sheldon","year":"2004","journal-title":"health Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"168","article-title":"biopsy in Holstein dairy cows Technique histological criteria and results","author":"Bonnet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.08.006","article-title":"csi Bacterial complications of postpartum uterine involution in cattle","author":"F\u00f6ldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"71","article-title":"Endometrial expression of selected transcripts involved in prostaglandin synthesis in cows with endometritis","author":"Gabler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"245","article-title":"An investigation into the causes of reproductive failure in dairy cows II Uterine infection and endometrial histopathology in clinically normal - repeat breeder cows","volume":"26","author":"Hartigan","year":"1972","journal-title":"Irish Vet J"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.04.022","article-title":"Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows","author":"Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"72","article-title":"Histopathological investigation of endometrium in repeat breeder cows","author":"Dogan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"85","article-title":"Endometritis diagnosis in the cow comparison of clinical with the patho - histological diagnosis of uterus biopsies","author":"Schmidt","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref481","first-page":"158","article-title":"Early embryo loss is associated with the prior expression of macrophage activation markers in the decidua","author":"Haddad EK","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"293","article-title":"de In de eds Fertilitatsstorungen beim weiblichen Rind Buchverlag","author":"Stolla","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-43-115","article-title":"Charakterisation of the repeat breeding syndrome in Swedish dairy cattle","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.08.006","article-title":"csi Bacterial complications of postpartum uterine involution in cattle","author":"F\u00f6ldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"ref361","first-page":"77","article-title":"in the bovine female reproductive tract","author":"Bondurant","year":"1999","journal-title":"Inflammation J Anim Sci"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3757","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of antibiotic and prostaglandin treatments for uterine health and reproductive performance in dairy cows","author":"Dubuc","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.04.006","article-title":"IM uterine in cattle","volume":"82","author":"Sheldon","year":"2004","journal-title":"health Anim Reprod Sci"}],"container-title":["Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/pjvs\/16\/4\/article-p693.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/j\/pjvs.2013.16.issue-4\/pjvs-2013-0098\/pjvs-2013-0098.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T10:03:24Z","timestamp":1679479404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.pan.pl\/dlibra\/publication\/114153\/edition\/99207\/content"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/pjvs-2013-0098","relation":{},"ISSN":["1505-1773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1505-1773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]]}}}