{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:05:19Z","timestamp":1783904719248,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These case reports aim to show that hyperfibrinogenemia is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), in patients with and without diabetes mellitus type 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We present a patient with PAD who has type 2 diabetes mellitus, who has previously been repeatedly treated for lower limb ischemia with multiple vascular surgeries performed. A few weeks before admission the patient developed critical lower limb ischemia, which was treated with an iliaco-popliteal and femorofemoral bypass. The patient had elevated serum fibrinogen values. In the current admission, renewed left limb ischemia was diagnosed, and surgically evaluated with a recommendation for amputation of the left limb as a surgical recommendation. Our second patient had a stable intermittent claudication, dyslipidemia and hyperfibrinogenemia. He was successfully treated for those risk factors. Regular monitoring of the patient showed improved claudication distance and quality of life<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our case reports, supported by a literature review, demonstrate that hyperfibrinogenemia is a possible risk factor for progression and the prognosis of PAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/prilozi-2018-0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T04:03:06Z","timestamp":1547006586000},"page":"93-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hyperfibrinogenemia in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Coexistent and Independent Risk Factor (A Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature)"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Marijan","family":"Bosevski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Centre at University Cardiology Clinic , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University Ss. Cyril and Methodius , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gorjan","family":"Krstevski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Centre at University Cardiology Clinic , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Mitevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Centre at University Cardiology Clinic , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilija","family":"Antova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Centre at University Cardiology Clinic , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine , University Ss. Cyril and Methodius , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golubinka","family":"Bosevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Health of R. Macedonia , Skopje , Republic of Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_001_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","unstructured":"1. Acharya SS. Inherited Abnormalities of Fibrinogen [Internet]. Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. Medscape; 2016. Available from: https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/960677-overview."},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_002_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Altes P, Perez P, Esteban C, Mu\u00f1oz-Torrero JFS, Aguilar E, Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz AM, et al. Raised Fibrinogen Levels and Outcome in Outpatients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Angiology. 2017 Jul: 000331971773972.10.1177\/000331971773972029113452","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319717739720"},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_003_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Bosevski M, Stojanka K, Slavco T, Snezana M, Vladimir B, Vera S, et al. Is Fibrinogen And D-Dimers Determination Useful For Prognosis Of Diabetic Polyvascular Disease. Cardiovascular Pathology. 2004; 13(3): 87\u20138.10.1016\/j.carpath.2004.03.259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2004.03.259"},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_004_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. B\u0105k E, Marcisz C, Kad\u0142ubowska M, Michalik A, Krawczyk B, Dobrzy\u0144-Matusiak D, et al. Independent Factors of Changes of Ankle-Brachial Index in Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in Elderly Patients with or without Diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(11): 1103.10.3390\/ijerph13111103512931327834825","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13111103"},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_005_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Bosevski M, Borozanov V, Peovska I, Georgievska-Ismail L. Endothelial dysfunction correlates with plasma fibrinogen and HDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy. 2007; 108(7): 297\u2013300.10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.tb00734.x17972546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.tb00734.x"},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_006_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Undas A, Nowakowski T, Cie\u015bla-Dul M, Sadowski J. Abnormal plasma fibrin clot characteristics are associated with worse clinical outcome in patients with peripheral arterial disease and thromboangiitis obliterans. Atherosclerosis. 2011; 215(2): 481\u20136.10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.04021324459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.040"},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_007_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Casini A, Neerman-Arbez M, Ari\u00ebns RA, Moerloose PD. Dysfibrinogenemia: from molecular anomalies to clinical manifestations and management. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2015; 13(6): 909\u201319.10.1111\/jth.1291625816717","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12916"},{"key":"2026071214581971568_j_prilozi-2018-0046_ref_008_w2aab3b7c10b1b6b1ab1ab8Aa","unstructured":"8. Bosevski M, Kostoska S, Tosev S, Borozanov V. Prognostic importance of haemostatic parameters in polyarterial disease. 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