{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:14:09Z","timestamp":1783905249788,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\n                    :\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections are typically self-limited, but in cases with severe enteritis, immuno-compromised system and bacteremia, an appropriate antimicrobial treatment is demanding. Our study aim was to determine the isolation rate of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    among patients with acute enteritis in the capital of North Macedonia and its antimicrobial susceptibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Material and methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A total number of 3820 patients clinically diagnosed as acute enteritis, were included in the study. Stool samples were collected and\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated and identified by classical microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates to Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin-clavulonic acid, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and Gentamicin was determined by disc-diffusion technique. Additionally, minimal inhibitory concentrations of all\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates against erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were determined by Epsilon gradient tests.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    :\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    species was isolated in 97 patients. Although the mean isolation rate of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                    during the whole study period was 2.53%, a statistically significant increase was detected in 2016 and 2017, in comparison with the data from previous four years of the study. The isolation rate of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                    didn\u2019t reveal statistically significant difference between males and females (p &gt; 0.05). 46.4 % of patients with\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    enteritis were children at the age under 15 years. Forty-three\n                    <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were susceptible to all six antibiotics, but the remaining 44 isolates revealed resistance to at least one antibiotic.\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were resistant to 3 antibiotics simultaneously. Two\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates only, were susceptible to all 6 antibiotics. 40.90% of C. jejuni and 50% of\n                    <jats:italic>C. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were resistant to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, simultaneously.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The increase of the isolation rate of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    from patients with acute enteritis indicates the need for permanent isolation and identification of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    from every clinically diagnosed patient, as acute enteritis. Erythromicin is the most effective antibiotic for treatment of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    enteritis in our patients. The high level of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines requires more rational approach in the treatment of\n                    <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    enteritis\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/prilozi-2019-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T05:31:21Z","timestamp":1570858281000},"page":"73-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility of\n                    <i>Campylobacter<\/i>\n                    isolates in the Capital of North Macedonia"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Trajkovska-Dokic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiril","family":"Mihajlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordana","family":"Mirchevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Kostovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneta","family":"Blazevska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University , Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snezana","family":"Stojkovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Febrile Conditions , Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071212095965945_j_prilozi-2019-0017_ref_001_w2aab3b7b9b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Kaakoush N, Casta\u00f1o-Rodr\u00edguez N, Mitchell HM, et al. Global epidemiology of Campylobacter infection. 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