{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:07:45Z","timestamp":1783904865938,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims<\/jats:bold>\n                    : This study assessed the effects of individualized dialysis sodium prescription on changes of echo-cardiography in hemodialysis (HD) patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 77 chronic hemodialysis patients were analysed. In the first phase all patients underwent dialysis with standard dialysate sodium of 138 mmol\/L followed by the second phase where dialysis was performed with individualized dialysate sodium concentration according to average pre HD serum sodium concentration. After the first phase, the subjects were divided into 3 groups: normotensive, hypertensive and hypotensive based on the average pre-HD systolic BP during the first phase. In all patients echocardiography was performed at the end of the first and second phase.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Patients had no statistical significant change in blood pressure compared with standard dialysate sodium, only statistical significant change in interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). By dividing the patients, sodium individualization resulted in significantly lower blood pressure and IDWG (p=0.018) in hyper-tensive patients, whereas normotensive patients showed only significant decrease in IDWG (p=0,004). Hypertensive patients had significant highest sodium gradient compared to other patients (p&lt;0.05), followed by significant increase of 0,6% IDWG confirmed with univariate regression analysis. In all patients, echocardiography analysis showed an increase of 2.04 mm of LVDD by increasing the sodium gradient for 1 mmol\/L and significantly increased LVM of 35.69 gr by 1 kg increase in IDWG.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A reduction of the dialysate sodium concentration based on the pre HD serum sodium level of the patient, reduced the SBP, DBP and IDWG and decreased the volume overload upon the heart and consequently heart hypertrophy assessed by echocardiography.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/prilozi-2022-0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T14:07:52Z","timestamp":1657721272000},"page":"123-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Standard and Individualized Dialysate Sodium in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Upon Echocardiography Parameters"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Natasha","family":"Eftimovska-Otovikj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General City Hospital 8 September , Department of nephrology , Skopje , RN Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivera","family":"Stojceva-Taneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private dialysis center Diaverum , Skopje , RN Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Petkovikj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General City Hospital 8 September , Department of cardiology , Skopje , RN Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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The association of the sodium \u201csetpoint\u201d to interdialytic weight gain and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Int J. Artif Organs. 2007; 30: 971\u2013979.","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880703001105"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Mendoza J.M, Sun S, Chertow M G et al. Dialysate sodium and sodium gradient in maintenance hemodialysis: a neglected sodium restriction approach? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26 (4): 1281\u20131287.10.1093\/ndt\/gfq807310835121303968","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq807"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Hecking M, Karaboyas A, Saran R et all. Dialysate sodium concentration and the association with interdialytic weight gain, hospitalization and mortality. CJASN. 2012; 7: 92\u2013100.10.2215\/CJN.05440611326534822052942","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05440611"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Jung ES, Lee J, Lee JW, et al. Increasing the dialysate sodium concentration based on serum sodium concentrations exacerbates weight gain and thirst in hemodialysis patients. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2013; 230(2): 117\u201321.10.1620\/tjem.230.11723782720","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.230.117"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Penne El, Sergeyeva O. Sodium gradient: a tool to individualize dialysate sodium prescription in chronic hemodialysis patients? Blood Purif. 2011; 31(1\u20133): 86\u201391.10.1159\/00032185121228573","DOI":"10.1159\/000321851"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15.. Parker TF 3rd, Hakim R, Nissenson AR, Steinman T, Glassock RJ. Dialysis at a crossroads: 50 years later. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011; 6(2): 457\u2013461.10.2215\/CJN.0845091021148247","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08450910"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Parker TF 3rd, Glassock RJ, Steinman TI. Conclusions, consensus, and directions for the future. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009; 4(Suppl 1): S139\u2013 S144.10.2215\/CJN.0582080919995999","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05820809"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Blankestijn PJ, Ligtenberg G. Volume-independent mechanisms of hypertension in hemodialysis patients: clinical implications. Semin Dial. 2004; 17 (4): 265\u2013269.10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17324.x15250915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17324.x"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Sayarlioglu H, Erkoc R, Tuncer M et al. Effects of low sodium dialysate in chronic hemodialysis patients: an echocardiographic study. Ren Fail. 2007; 29 (2): 143\u2013146.10.1080\/0886022060109578517365927","DOI":"10.1080\/08860220601095785"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Aybal Kutlugun A, Erdem Y, Okutucu S et al. Effects of lowering dialysate sodium on flow-mediated dilatation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26 (11): 3678\u20133682.10.1093\/ndt\/gfr09221421595","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr092"},{"key":"2026071214263609939_j_prilozi-2022-0025_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Blankestijn PJ, Ligtenberg G. Volume-independent mechanisms of hypertension in hemodialysis patients: clinical implications. 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J Hum Hypertens. 2013; 27 (2): 85\u201389.10.1038\/jhh.2012.922437256","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2012.9"}],"container-title":["PRILOZI"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/prilozi-2022-0025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:22:42Z","timestamp":1783902162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/prilozi-2022-0025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/prilozi-2022-0025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/prilozi-2022-0025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1857-8985"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1857-8985","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]}}}