{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:05:12Z","timestamp":1783901112244,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To investigate experiences with vacuum-formed retainers (VFR), possible adverse effects and problems associated with their use among Croatian and Macedonian orthodontists.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    : In 2023, a questionnaire on retention protocols was distributed by e-mail to 150 orthodontists in North Macedonia (78% of practicing orthodontists), with a response rate of 58%, and to 185 orthodontists in Croatia (85% of practicing orthodontists), with a response rate of 75%.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : VFR were the more frequently used retention appliance in Croatia than North Macedonia, both in maxilla (79 vs. 53%, p&lt;0.001) and mandible (66 vs. 44%, p=0.001) mostly because of the availability of the appliance (66% in Croatia vs. 53% in North Macedonia; p=0.056). The most used foil thickness for the VFRs was the 1 mm (71% in Croatia vs. 59% in North Macedonia; p=0.019). The expected duration of the VFRs was 1-2 years (60% in Croatia vs. 47% in North Macedonia; p=0.015), however, less than 25% of the patients agreed to make new VFRs in both countries. Clinicians had rarely observed adverse reactions to VFRs (3% in Croatia and none in North Macedonia). Reasons for changing the VFR material were more often costs in North Macedonia than in Croatia (62 vs. 2%; p&lt;0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : VFRs are preferred retention appliances among Croatian and North Macedonian orthodontists, mostly because of their availability. Patients tolerate them well, but failures mostly occur after 1-2 years and only \u00bc of patients decide to make new retainers which can impose problems regarding relapse.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/prilozi-2025-0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T13:41:39Z","timestamp":1765287699000},"page":"63-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use and Adverse Effects of Vacuum-Formed Retainers \u2013 Comparison of the Experiences of Orthodontists in Croatia and North Macedonia"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Biljana","family":"Dzipunova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje , Skopje , RN Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Zigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine , University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klara","family":"Balic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health , J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matea","family":"Dzipunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Stomatology , Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje , Skopje , RN Macedonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stjepan","family":"Spalj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine , University of Rijeka , Rijeka , Croatia"},{"name":"Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health , J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek , Osijek , Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071215563838337_j_prilozi-2025-0023_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melrose C, Millett DT. Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention? Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1998; 113: 507\u201314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70261-6"},{"key":"2026071215563838337_j_prilozi-2025-0023_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadowsky C, Schneider BJ, BeGole EA, Tahir E. 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