{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:09:03Z","timestamp":1783901343785,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2019-0029_s_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) current therapeutic approaches still fail in some patients with severe persistent symptoms and recurrences after surgery. We aimed to evaluate the master transcription factors gene expression levels of T cell subtypes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) that could represent new, up-stream targets for topical DNAzyme treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2019-0029_s_006\">\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-two newly diagnosed CRS patients (14 CRSwNP and 8 CRSsNP) were prospectively biopsied and examined histopathologically. Gene expression levels of T-box transcription factor\n                      <jats:italic>(<\/jats:italic>\n                      T-bet,\n                      <jats:italic>TBX21)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , GATA binding protein 3\n                      <jats:italic>(GATA3)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C\n                      <jats:italic>(RORC)<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Forkhead box P3 (\n                      <jats:italic>FOXP3)<\/jats:italic>\n                      were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2019-0029_s_007\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eosinophilic CRSwNP was characterized by higher level of\n                      <jats:italic>GATA3<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression compared to noneosinophilic CRSwNP, whereas there was no difference in T-bet,\n                      <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic>\n                      between eosinophilic and noneosinophilic CRSwNP. In CRSsNP, we found simultaneous upregulation of T-bet,\n                      <jats:italic>GATA3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression levels in comparison to CRSwNP; meanwhile, there was no difference in\n                      <jats:italic>FOXP3<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression between CRSwNP and CRSsNP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2019-0029_s_008\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In eosinophilic CRSwNP, we confirmed the type 2 inflammation by elevated\n                      <jats:italic>GATA3<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression level. In CRSsNP, we unexpectedly found simultaneous upregulation of T-bet and\n                      <jats:italic>GATA3<\/jats:italic>\n                      that is currently unexplained; however, it might originate from activated CD8+ cells, abundant in nasal mucosa of CRSsNP patients. The elevated\n                      <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>\n                      in CRSsNP could be part of homeostatic nasal immune response that might be better preserved in CRSsNP patients compared to CRSwNP patients. Further data on transcription factors expression rates in CRS phenotypes are needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2019-0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,20]],"date-time":"2019-07-20T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1563600679000},"page":"323-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transcription factors gene expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Tanja Kosak","family":"Soklic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matija","family":"Rijavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik , Golnik , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Silar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik , Golnik , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik , Golnik , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izidor","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik , Golnik , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irena","family":"Hocevar-Boltezar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Korosec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik , Golnik , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071215065531889_j_raon-2019-0029_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeConde AS, Soler ZM. 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