{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:53:38Z","timestamp":1793210018196,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2022-0040_s_006\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound (US) has been proven to be reliable in the assessment of early haemophilic arthropathy in the adult haemophilic population, however few studies so far focused on the reliability of US specifically in the paediatric haemophilic population. We were interested if the changing appearance of the growing bone hinders the ultrasonographic evaluation of the pathologic processes caused by haemophilic arthropathy. The aim of the study was to assess the reliability of US for evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy in children in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2022-0040_s_007\">\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included all children aged 6 years or more with severe haemophilia in the country (n = 10). We assessed their elbows, knees, and ankles bilaterally by US and compared the results to the MRI as the reference standard. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to analyse correlation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2022-0040_s_008\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The correlation with MRI for the US for the total score was excellent for all joints (r = 0.849 for the elbows, r = 1 for knees, r = 0.842 for ankles). The correlation of scores for specific joint components showed fair, moderate, or excellent correlation for all joint components in all joints. The correlation was the lowest for the evaluation of cartilage and bone in the ankles (r = 0.546 and r = 0.478) and bone in the elbows (r = 0.499).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_raon-2022-0040_s_009\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study proved that US using the HEAD-US method performed by paediatric radiologists is a reliable tool for detection and quantification of haemophilic arthropathy in children in comparison to MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2022-0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T05:16:08Z","timestamp":1666156568000},"page":"471-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reliability of haemophilia early arthropathy detection with ultrasound (HEAD-US) in children: a comparative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Domen","family":"Plut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Radiology Institute, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara Faganel","family":"Kotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology and Oncology, Children\u2019s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luka","family":"Pusnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Slak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Radiology Institute, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziga","family":"Snoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Radiology Institute, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladka","family":"Salapura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Radiology Institute, University Medical Centre Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gualtierotti R, Solimeno LP, Peyvandi F. Hemophilic arthropathy: current knowledge and future perspectives. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19: 2112-21. doi: 10.1111\/jth.15444","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15444"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plut D, Faganel Kotnik B, Prelo\u017enik Zupan I, Klju\u010dev\u0161ek D, Vidmar G, Snoj \u017d, et al. Detection and evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy: which tools may be considered more reliable. Haemophilia 2021; 27: 156-63. doi: 10.1111\/ hae.14153","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.14153"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pergantou H, Platokouki H, Matsinos G, Papakonstantinou O, Papadopoulos A, Xafaki P, et al. Assessment of the progression of haemophilic arthropathy in children. Haemophilia 2010; 16: 124-9. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2009.02109.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2009.02109.x"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilcoyne RF, Nuss R. Radiological assessment of haemophilic arthropathy with emphasis on MRI findings. Haemophilia 2003; 9: 57-64. doi: 10.1046\/j.1365-2516.9.s1.11.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2516.9.s1.11.x"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sierra Aisa C, Luc\u00eda Cuesta JF, Rubio Mart\u00ednez A, Fern\u00e1ndez Mosteir\u00edn N, Iborra Mu\u00f1oz A, Ab\u00edo Calvete M, et al. Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and follow-up of joint lesions in patients with haemophilia. Haemophilia 2014; 20: e51-7. doi: 10.1111\/ hae.12268","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12268"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doria AS, Keshava SN, Mohanta A, Jarrin J, Blanchette V, Srivastava A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for assessment of hemophilic arthropathy: MRI correlation. Am J Roentgenol 2015; 204: W336-47. doi: 10.2214\/ AJR.14.12501","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12501"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dela Corte-Rodriguez H, Rodriguez-Merchan EC, Jimenez-Yuste V. Point-of-care ultrasonography in orthopedic management of hemophilia: multiple uses of an effective tool. HSS J 2018; 14: 307-13. doi: 10.1007\/s11420-018-9604-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-018-9604-x"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinoli C, Casa Alberighi O Della, Di Minno G, Graziano E, Claudio Molinari A, Pasta G, et al. Development and definition of a simplified scanning procedure and scoring method for haemophilia early arthropathy detection with ultrasound (HEAD-US). Thromb Haemost 2013; 109: 1170-9. doi: 10.1160\/ TH12-11-0874","DOI":"10.1160\/TH12-11-0874"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Minno MND, Iervolino S, Soscia E, Tosetto A, Coppola A, Schiavulli M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound evaluation of \u201chealthy\u201d joints in young subjects with severe haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2013; 19: e167-73. doi: 10.1111\/hae.12107","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12107"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keshava SN, Gibikote SV, Mohanta A, Poonnoose P, Rayner T, Hilliard P, et al. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of healthy paediatric ankles and knees: a baseline for comparison with haemophilic joints. Haemophilia 2015; 21: e210-22. doi: 10.1111\/hae.12614","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12614"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soliman M, Daruge P, Dertkigil SSJ, De Avila Fernandes E, Negrao JR, de Aguiar Vilela Mitraud S, et al. Imaging of haemophilic arthropathy in growing joints: pitfalls in ultrasound and MRI. Haemophilia 2017; 23: 660-72. doi: 10.1111\/hae.13249","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.13249"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samanta M, Mitra S, Samui PP, Mondal RK, Hazra A, Sabui TK. Evaluation of joint cartilage thickness in healthy children by ultrasound: an experience from a developing nation. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21: 2089-94. doi: 10.1111\/1756-185X.13374","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13374"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spannow A, Stenboeg E, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Fiirgaard B, Haislund M, Ostergaard M, et al. Ultrasound and MRI measurements of joint cartilage in healthy children: a validation study. Ultraschall Med 2010; 32(Suppl 1): S110-6. doi: 10.1055\/s-0029-1245374","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245374"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidharthan S, Yau A, Almeida BA, Shea KG, Greditzer HG, Jones KJ, et al. Patterns of articular cartilage thickness in pediatric and adolescent knees: a magnetic resonance imaging\u2013based study. Arthrosc Sport Med Rehabil 2021; 3: e381-90. doi: 10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.09.029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2020.09.029"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundin B, Manco-Johnson ML, Ignas DM, Moineddin R, Blanchette VS, Dunn AL, et al. An MRI scale for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy from the International Prophylaxis Study Group. Haemophilia 2012; 18: 962-70. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2012.02883.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2012.02883.x"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_016","unstructured":"Chan YH. Biostatistics 104: correlational analysis. Singapore Med J 2005; 46: 153-60."},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plut D, Kotnik BF, Zupan IP, Kljucevsek D, Vidmar G, Snoj Z, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of haemophilia early arthropathy detection with ultrasound (HEAD-US): a comparative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Radiol Oncol 2019; 53: 178-86. doi: 10.2478\/raon-2019-0027","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2019-0027"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasetyo M, Gatot D, Tulaar A, Pandelaki J, Bardosono S, Sukrisman L, et al. Association between US and MRI scores and correlations with urinary C-terminal telopeptide Type II collagen levels for early detection of hemophilic arthropathy of the knee. J Phys Conf Ser 2018; 1073: 042022. doi: 10.1088\/1742-6596\/1073\/4\/042022","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1073\/4\/042022"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasetyo M, Mongan AE, Chozie NA, Prihartono J, Setiawan SI. Hemosiderin deposition evaluation in hemophilic ankle joints: association between US finding and gradient-recalled echo MR imaging sequence. Insights Imaging 2021; 12: 1-7. doi: 10.1186\/s13244-021-01050-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-021-01050-1"},{"key":"2026071215153031032_j_raon-2022-0040_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acharya SS, Schloss R, Dyke JP, Mintz DN, Christos P, Dimichele DM, et al. Power Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of hemophilic synovitis - a promising tool. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6: 2055-61. doi: 10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03160.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03160.x"}],"container-title":["Radiology and Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/raon-2022-0040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:41:17Z","timestamp":1783906877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/raon-2022-0040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/raon-2022-0040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/raon-2022-0040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1581-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1581-3207","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]}}}