{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:36:14Z","timestamp":1790397374749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluates the contouring variability among observers using MR images reconstructed by different sequences and quantifies the differences of automatic segmentation models for different sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-three patients with pelvic tumors underwent T1-weighted image (T1WI), contrast enhanced Dixon T1-weighted (T1dixonc), and T2-weighted image (T2WI) MR imaging on a simulator. Two observers performed manual delineation of the bladder, anal canal, rectum, and femoral heads on all images. Contour differences were used to analyze the interobserver and intersequence variability. A single-sequence automatic segmentation network was established using the U-Net network, and the segmentation results were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Variability analysis among observers showed that the bladder, rectum, and left femoral head on T1WI yielded the highest dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the lowest 95% Hausdorff distance (HD) (all three sequences). Regarding sequence variability analysis for the same observer, the difference between T1WI and T2WI was the smallest. The DSC of the bladder, rectum, and femoral heads exceeded 0.88 for T1WI\u2013T2WI. The differences between automatic segmentations and manual delineations were minimal on T2WI. The averaged DSC of automatic and manual segmentation of all organs on T2WI exceeded 0.81, and the averaged 95% HD value was lower than 7 mm. Similarly, the sequence variability analysis of automatic segmentation indicates that the automatic segmentation differences between T2WI and T1WI are minimal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T1WI and T2WI yielded better results in manual delineation and automatic segmentation, respectively. The analysis of variability among three sequences indicates that the yielded good similarity outcomes between the T1WI and T2WI cases in manual and automatic segmentation. We infer that the T1WI and T2WI (or their combination) can be used for MR-only radiation therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2025-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T06:11:17Z","timestamp":1737526277000},"page":"139-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interobserver and sequence variability in the delineation of pelvic organs at risk on magnetic resonance images"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Wanjia","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Theater Air Force Hospital of the People\u2019s Liberation Army , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"United Laboratory of Frontier Radiotherapy Technology of Sun Yat-sen University & Chinese Academy of Sciences Ion Medical Technology Co. Ltd , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zesen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University , Shenzhen , Guangdong province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxing","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , Guangdong province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enting","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , Guangdong province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoling","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China"},{"name":"United Laboratory of Frontier Radiotherapy Technology of Sun Yat-sen University & Chinese Academy of Sciences Ion Medical Technology Co. 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