{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:39:37Z","timestamp":1790444377728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histopathologic growth patterns (HGPs) of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have emerged as potential prognostic biomarkers, though their clinical significance remains under investigation. The objective is to evaluate the prognostic value of HGPs on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing liver resection for CRLM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective analysis of the OSLO-COMET randomized controlled trial, where 280 patients underwent laparoscopic or open parenchyma-sparing liver resection for CRLM between February 2012 and February 2016. Patients eligible for long-term analysis and with available histological material were included. HGPs were categorized as desmoplastic, pushing, replacement, or mixed, according to international consensus guidelines. Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations between HGPs and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 239 patients were included. Desmoplastic HGP was present in 43.5% of patients and associated with significantly better outcomes. Median RFS was 31 months for desmoplastic versus 9, 10, and 11 months for replacement, pushing, and mixed groups, respectively (p = 0.002). Five-year OS was 62% for desmoplastic, 59% for replacement, 55% for mixed, and 39% for pushing HGP (p = 0.036). In multivariable analysis, HGP, lymph node status, and extrahepatic disease were independent predictors of RFS. Age, tumor size, ECOG score, and extrahepatic metastasis significantly impacted OS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Replacement, pushing and mixed HGPs were associated with poor RFS, although replacement and mixed patterns showed better OS after treatment of recurrences. Desmoplastic HGP was independently associated with better RFS and OS following resection for CRLM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2026-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:08:31Z","timestamp":1771002511000},"page":"114-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Histopathologic growth patterns as prognostic factor for survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sarkis","family":"Drejian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi Sadat","family":"Akhavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzyztof","family":"Grzyb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Airazat","family":"Kazaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust , Gr\u00e5lum , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Surgery N1, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi , Yerevan , Armenia"},{"name":"Department of Faculty Surgery N2, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5smund Avdam","family":"Fretland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Edwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davit","family":"Aghayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Surgery N1, Yerevan State Medical University after M. 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