{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:46:08Z","timestamp":1782996368448,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malignant bowel obstruction in patients with advanced cancer at the end of life is common. Patients may have substantial symptoms (pain, nausea and vomiting) and experience aggressive care at the end of life. Due to the lack of robust evidence, the care algorithm of treatment for patients at the end of life is not standardized. Patient\u2019s prognosis, clinical condition and patient\u2019s preferences related to goals of care discussion must be considered when opting between comfort-focused care (conservative\/pharmacological treatment), palliative (nonsurgical) procedures and palliative surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A focused literature search was conducted in PubMed\/Medline to identify recommendations on the management of malignant bowel obstruction in patients with advanced cancer at the end of life. The search focused on symptom management using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to intestinal obstruction in patients with advanced cancer at the end of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the MeSH terms related search in PubMed\/Medline, 9,532 articles were initially identified. After applying filters, 535 articles were selected for further review. Additional sources included reference lists and grey literature. In total, 83 references were used to support the management recommendations\/suggestions in this article.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is essential to engage patients and families in goals of care discussions to promote understanding of the palliative intent of different malignant bowel obstruction interventions. Research is needed to assist clinicians in decision making to provide patients at the end of life with appropriate care. Criteria for the selection of candidates for palliative surgery are needed to avoid significant complications and overly aggressive treatment at the end of life when the focus is maintaining and enhancing the quality of life of patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2026-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T06:56:29Z","timestamp":1772607389000},"page":"176-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of malignant bowel obstruction in patients with advanced cancer at the end of life"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Nena","family":"Golob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Palliative Care, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rok","family":"Petric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Surgery, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja Ebert","family":"Moltara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Palliative Care, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu K, Liu L, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Rao B, Chen Y, et al. Surgical and conservative management of malignant bowel obstruction: outcome and prognostic factors. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12: 7797-803. doi: 10.2147\/CMAR.S256219","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S256219"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ripamonti C, Twycross R, Baines M, Bozzetti F, Capri S, De Conno F, et al. Clinical-practice recommendations for the management of bowel obstruction in patients with end-stage cancer. Support Care Cancer 2001; 9: 223-33. doi: 10.1007\/s005200000198","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200000198"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis M, Hui D, Davies A, Ripamonti C, Capela A, DeFeo G, et al. Medical management of malignant bowel obstruction in patients with advanced cancer: 2021 MASCC guideline update. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29: 808996. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-021-06438-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-021-06438-9"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franke AJ, Iqbal A, Starr JS, Nair RM, George TJ. Management of malignant bowel obstruction associated with GI cancers. J Oncol Pract 2017; 13: 426-34. doi: 10.1200\/JOP.2017.022210","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2017.022210"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole JM, Khan SZ, Marks JM, Armstrong AJ, Zanotti KM, Juza RM. Enhanced gastric decompression for palliation of malignant bowel obstruction. Surg Endosc 2023; 37: 4000-4. doi: 10.1007\/s00464-022-09554-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09554-7"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pameijer CR, Mahvi DM, Stewart JA, Weber SM. Bowel obstruction in patients with metastatic cancer: does intervention influence outcome? Int J Gastrointest Cancer 2005; 35: 127-34. doi: 10.1385\/IJGC:35:2:127","DOI":"10.1385\/IJGC:35:2:127"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniele A, Ferrero A, Fuso L, Mineccia M, Porcellana V, Vassallo D, et al. Palliative care in patients with ovarian cancer and bowel obstruction. Support Care Cancer 2015; 23: 3157-63. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-015-2694-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2694-9"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuca A, Guell E, Martinez-Losada E, Codorniu N. Malignant bowel obstruction in advanced cancer patients: epidemiology, management, and factors influencing spontaneous resolution. Cancer Manag Res 2012; 4: 159-69. doi: 10.2147\/CMAR.S29297","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S29297"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun BJ, Tennakoon L, Spain DA, Lee B. Palliative intervention for malignant bowel obstruction comes at a cost: a national inpatient study. Am Surg 2024; 90: 2848-56. doi: 10.1177\/00031348241256083","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348241256083"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madariaga A, Lau J, Ghoshal A, Dzier\u017canowski T, Larkin P, Sobocki J, et al. MASCC multidisciplinary evidence-based recommendations for the management of malignant bowel obstruction in advanced cancer. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30: 4711-28. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-022-06889-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-022-06889-8"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krouse RS. The international conference on malignant bowel obstruction: a meeting of the minds to advance palliative care research. J Pain Symptom Manage 2007; 34: S1-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.04.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2007.04.005"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun BJ, Yue TM, Xu N, Ayala CI, Lee B. Surgical palliation for malignant bowel obstruction in preventing hospital readmission: experience of a tertiary care center. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31: 4858-60. doi: 10.1245\/s10434-024-15318-5","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-15318-5"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horesh N, Dux JY, Nadler M, Lang A, Zmora O, Shacham-Shmueli E, et al. Stenting in malignant colonic obstruction \u2013 is it a real therapeutic option? Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31: 131-5. doi: 10.1007\/s00384-015-2375-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2375-7"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imai M, Kamimura K, Takahashi Y, Sato T, Isokawa O, Maruyama M, et al. The factors influencing long-term outcomes of stenting for malignant colorectal obstruction in elderly group in community medicine. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018; 33: 189-97. doi: 10.1007\/s00384-017-2946-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-017-2946-x"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selby D, Nolen A, Sittambalam C, Johansen K, Pugash R. Percutaneous transesophageal gastrostomy (PTEG): a safe and well-tolerated procedure for palliation of end-stage malignant bowel obstruction. J Pain Symptom Manage 2019; 58: 306-10. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.04.031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.04.031"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borowiec AM, Wang CSK, Yong E, Law C, Coburn N, Sutradhar R, et al. Colonic stents for colorectal cancer are seldom used and mainly for palliation of obstruction: a population-based study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2016: 1-8. doi: 10.1155\/2016\/1945172","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1945172"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn HJ, Kim SW, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lim CH, Kim JS, et al. Long-term outcomes of palliation for unresectable colorectal cancer obstruction in patients with good performance status: endoscopic stent versus surgery. Surg Endosc 2016; 30: 4765-75. doi: 10.1007\/s00464-016-4804-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4804-2"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rademacher C, Bechtler M, Schneider S, Hartmann B, Striegel J, Jakobs R. Self-expanding metal stents for the palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22: 9554-61. doi: 10.3748\/wjg.v22.i43.9554","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i43.9554"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T\u00f3th R, T\u00f3th Z, L\u0151czi L, T\u00f6r\u00f6k M, \u00c1cs N, V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3 S, et al. Management of malignant bowel obstruction in patients with gynaecological cancer: a systematic review. J Clin Med 2024; 13: 4213. doi: 10.3390\/jcm13144213","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144213"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neri B, Citterio N, Schiavone SC, Biasutto D, Rea R, Martino M, et al. Malignant bowel occlusion: an update on current available treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17: 1522. doi: 10.3390\/cancers17091522","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17091522"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hisanaga T, Shinjo T, Imai K, Katayama K, Kaneishi K, Honma H, et al. Clinical guidelines for management of gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer patients: the Japanese Society of Palliative Medicine recommendations. J Palliat Med 2019; 22: 986-97. doi: 10.1089\/jpm.2018.0595","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0595"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tutino R, Cavagli\u00e0 M, Pipitone Federico NS, De Simone V, Deiro G, Gallo G, et al. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of Gastrografin in small bowel obstructions. Front Surg 2025; 12: 1516155. doi: 10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1516155","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2025.1516155"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan Bahrum WFI Bin, Hardy J, Foster K, Good P. Oral water-soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction: open label pilot study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023; 13: e794-7. doi: 10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-003444","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-003444"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syrmis W, Richard R, Jenkins-Marsh S, Chia SC, Good P. Oral water soluble contrast for malignant bowel obstruction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3: CD012014. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD012014.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012014.pub2"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Gao Y, Ma Q, Dang C, Wei W, Deantoni F, et al. Randomised clinical trial investigating the effects of combined administration of octreotide and methylglucamine diatrizoate in older persons with adhesive small bowel obstruction. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38: 188-94. doi: 10.1016\/j.dld.2005.10.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2005.10.010"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Branco BC, Barmparas G, Schn\u00fcriger B, Inaba K, Chan LS, Demetriades D. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic role of water-soluble contrast agent in adhesive small bowel obstruction. Br J Surg 2010; 97: 470-8. doi: 10.1002\/bjs.7019","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7019"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heng S, Hardy J, Good P. A retrospective audit on usage of diatrizoate meglumine (Gastrografin) for intestinal obstruction or constipation in patients with advanced neoplasms. Palliat Med 2018; 32: 294-8. doi: 10.1177\/0269216317726430","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216317726430"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercadante S, Ferrera P, Villari P, Marrazzo A. Aggressive pharmacological treatment for reversing malignant bowel obstruction. J Pain Symptom Manage 2004; 28: 412-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.01.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.01.007"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walter M, Hansen E, Hamid S, Carozza D, Mann G, Roche C, et al. Palliative management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: prospective, open label, phase 2 study at an NCI comprehensive cancer center. J Pain Symptom Manage 2024; 67: 20-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2023.09.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2023.09.014"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ventafridda V, Ripamonti C, Caraceni A, Spoldi E, Messina L, De Conno F. The management of inoperable gastrointestinal obstruction in terminal cancer patients. Tumori 1990; 76: 389-93. doi: 10.1177\/030089169007600417","DOI":"10.1177\/030089169007600417"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krouse RS. Malignant bowel obstruction. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120: 74-7. doi: 10.1002\/jso.25451","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25451"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velilla Echeverri DC, G\u00f3mez D\u00edaz M, Beltr\u00e1n Pach\u00f3n P, Lasso Valenzuela D, Poveda Carre\u00f1o S, Erazo-Mu\u00f1oz M. Lidocaine infusion for malignant visceral pain: case report. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023; 13: e974-6. doi: 10.1136\/spcare-2023-004350","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2023-004350"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mudumbi SK, Leonard EV, Swetz KM. Challenges and successes in nonoperative management of high-grade malignant bowel obstruction. Ann Palliat Med 2017; 6: S95-8. doi: 10.21037\/apm.2017.03.07","DOI":"10.21037\/apm.2017.03.07"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swenson BR, Gottschalk A, Wells LT, Rowlingson JC, Thompson PW, Barclay M, et al. Intravenous lidocaine is as effective as epidural bupivacaine in reducing ileus duration, hospital stay, and pain after open colon resection. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35: 370-6. doi: 10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181e8d5da","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181e8d5da"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen PC, Lai CH, Fang CJ, Lai PC, Huang YT. Intravenous infusion of lidocaine for bowel function recovery after major colorectal surgery: a critical appraisal through updated meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis, certainty of evidence, and meta-regression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8: 759215. doi: 10.3389\/fmed.2021.759215","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.759215"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey KP, Adair JD, Isho M, Robinson R. Can intravenous lidocaine decrease postsurgical ileus and shorten hospital stay in elective bowel surgery? A pilot study and literature review. Am J Surg 2009; 198: 231-6. doi: 10.1016\/j. amjsurg.2008.10.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.10.015"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philip J, Lickiss N, Grant PT, Hacker NF. Corticosteroids in the management of bowel obstruction on a gynecological oncology unit. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 74: 68-73. doi: 10.1006\/gyno.1999.5406","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5406"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feuer DJ, Broadley KE. Corticosteroids for the resolution of malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; 2017: CD001219. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD001219","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001219"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laval G, Girardier J, Lassauni\u00e8re JM, Leduc B, Haond C, Schaerer R. The use of steroids in the management of inoperable intestinal obstruction in terminal cancer patients: do they remove the obstruction? Palliat Med 2000; 14: 3-10. doi: 10.1191\/026921600669298725","DOI":"10.1191\/026921600669298725"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercadante S, Porzio G. Octreotide for malignant bowel obstruction: Twenty years after. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 83: 388-92. doi: 10.1016\/j. critrevonc.2011.12.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2011.12.006"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoo D, Motson R, Denman K, Hall E, Riley J, Waxman J. Palliation of malignant intestinal obstruction using octreotide. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30: 28-30. doi: 10.1016\/s0959-8049(05)80012-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(05)80012-7"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubota H, Taguchi K, Kobayashi D, Naruyama H, Hirose M, Fukuta K, et al. Clinical impact of palliative treatment using octreotide for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction caused by advanced urological cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14: 7107-10. doi: 10.7314\/apjcp.2013.14.12.7107","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.12.7107"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laval G, Rousselot H, Toussaint-Martel S, Mayer F, Terrebonne \u00c9, Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9, et al. SALTO: a randomized, multicenter study assessing octreotide LAR in inoperable bowel obstruction. Bull Cancer 2012; 99: E1-9. doi: 10.1684\/bdc.2011.1535","DOI":"10.1684\/bdc.2011.1535"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hisanaga T, Shinjo T, Morita T, Nakajima N, Ikenaga M, Tanimizu M, et al. Multicenter prospective study on efficacy and safety of octreotide for inoperable malignant bowel obstruction. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010; 40: 739-45. doi: 10.1093\/jjco\/hyq048","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyq048"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shima Y, Ohtsu A, Shirao K, Sasaki Y. Clinical efficacy and safety of octreotide (SMS201-995) in terminally ill Japanese cancer patients with malignant bowel obstruction. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 38: 354-9. doi: 10.1093\/jjco\/hyn035","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyn035"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massacesi C, Galeazzi G. Sustained release octreotide may have a role in the treatment of malignant bowel obstruction. Palliat Med 2006; 20: 715-6. doi: 10.1191\/0269216306070751","DOI":"10.1191\/0269216306070751"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercadante S, Spoldi E, Caraceni A, Maddaloni S, Simonetti MT. Octreotide in relieving gastrointestinal symptoms due to bowel obstruction. Palliat Med 1993; 7: 295-9. doi: 10.1177\/026921639300700406","DOI":"10.1177\/026921639300700406"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng X, Wang P, Li S, Zhang G, Hu S. Randomized clinical trial comparing octreotide and scopolamine butylbromide in symptom control of patients with inoperable bowel obstruction due to advanced ovarian cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13: 50. doi: 10.1186\/s12957-015-0455-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-015-0455-3"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinjo T, Kagami R. Radiological imaging change in a malignant bowel obstruction patient treated with octreotide. Support Care Cancer 2009; 17: 753-5. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-009-0608-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0608-4"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fainsinger RL, Spachynski K, Hanson J, Bruera E. Symptom control in terminally ill patients with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO). J Pain Symptom Manage 1994; 9: 12-8. doi: 10.1016\/0885-3924(94)90141-4","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(94)90141-4"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuca A, Roca R, Sala C, Porta J, Serrano G, Gonz\u00e1lez-Barboteo J, et al. Efficacy of granisetron in the antiemetic control of nonsurgical intestinal obstruction in advanced cancer: a phase II clinical trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009; 37: 259-70. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.014"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark K, Lam L, Currow D. Reducing gastric secretions \u2013 a role for histamine 2 antagonists or proton pump inhibitors in malignant bowel obstruction? Support Care Cancer 2009; 17: 1463-8. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-009-0609-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0609-3"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson I. The management of nausea and vomiting in palliative care. Nurs Stand 2004; 19: 46-53. doi: 10.7748\/ns2004.11.19.8.46.c3752","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2004.11.19.8.46.c3752"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong WK, Lim SB, Choi HS, Jeong SY. Conservative management of adhesive small bowel obstructions in patients previously operated on for primary colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12: 926-32. doi: 10.1007\/s11605-007-0423-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0423-5"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zucchi E, Fornasarig M, Martella L, Maiero S, Lucia E, Borsatti E, et al. Decompressive percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in advanced cancer patients with small-bowel obstruction is feasible and effective: a large prospective study. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24: 2877-82. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-016-3102-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3102-9"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campagnutta E, Cannizzaro R, Gallo A, Zarrelli A, Valentini M, De Cicco M, et al. Palliative treatment of upper intestinal obstruction by gynecological malignancy: the usefulness of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Gynecol Oncol 1996; 62: 103-5. doi: 10.1006\/gyno.1996.0197","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1996.0197"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooksbank MA, Game PA, Ashby MA. Palliative venting gastrostomy in malignant intestinal obstruction. Palliat Med 2002; 16: 520-6. doi: 10.1191\/0269216302pm590oa","DOI":"10.1191\/0269216302pm590oa"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gauvin G, Do-Nguyen CC, Lou J, O\u2019Halloran EA, Selesner LT, Handorf E, et al. Gastrostomy tube for nutrition and malignant bowel obstruction in patients with cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19: 48-56. doi: 10.6004\/jnccn.2020.7604","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.7604"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papachrysos N, Shafazand M, Alkelin L, Kilincalp S, de Lange T. Outcome of self-expandable metal stents placement for obstructive colorectal cancer: 7 years\u2019 experience from a Swedish tertiary center. Surg Endosc 2023; 37: 2653-8. doi: 10.1007\/s00464-022-09761-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09761-2"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khot UP, Lang AW, Murali K, Parker MC. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of colorectal stents. Br J Surg 2002; 89: 1096-102. doi: 10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02148.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2002.02148.x"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcnerbein M, Krause M, Moesta KT, Rau B, Schlag PM. Palliation of malignant rectal obstruction with self-expanding metal stents. Surgery 2005; 137: 42-7. doi: 10.1016\/j.surg.2004.05.043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.05.043"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spinelli P, Mancini A. Use of self-expanding metal stents for palliation of rectosigmoid cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2001; 53: 203-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.surg.2004.05.043","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.112196"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Gregorio MA, Mainar A, Tejero E, Tob\u00edo R, Alfonso E, Pinto I, et al. Acute colorectal obstruction: stent placement for palliative treatment \u2013 results of a multicenter study. Radiology 1998; 209: 117-20. doi: 10.1148\/radiology.209.1.9769821","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.209.1.9769821"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Hooft J, van Halsema E, Vanbiervliet G, Beets-Tan R, DeWitt J, Donnellan F, et al. Self-expandable metal stents for obstructing colonic and extracolonic cancer: ESGE Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 990-1053. doi: 10.1055\/s-0034-1390700","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390700"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee KM, Lim SG, Shin SJ, Kim JH, Kang DH, Kim JK, et al. Novel method of stent insertion for malignant lower rectal obstruction with proximal releasing delivery system. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 930-3. doi: 10.1016\/j. gie.2013.08.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2013.08.018"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedland S, Hallenbeck J, Soetikno RM. Stenting the sigmoid colon in a terminally ill patient with prostate cancer. J Palliat Med 2001; 4: 153-6. doi: 10.1089\/109662101750290182","DOI":"10.1089\/109662101750290182"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feuer DJ, Broadley KE, Shepherd JH, Barton DPJ. Systematic review of surgery in malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynecological and gastrointestinal cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 75: 313-22. doi: 10.1006\/gyno.1999.5594","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.1999.5594"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badgwell BD, Smith K, Liu P, Bruera E, Curley SA, Cormier JN. Indicators of surgery and survival in oncology inpatients requiring surgical evaluation for palliation. Support Care Cancer 2009; 17: 727-34. doi: 10.1007\/s00520-008-0554-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-008-0554-6"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zielinski MD, Eiken PW, Heller SF, Lohse CM, Huebner M, Sarr MG, et al. Prospective, observational validation of a multivariate small-bowel obstruction model to predict the need for operative intervention. J Am Coll Surg 2011; 212: 1068-76. doi: 10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.023"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santangelo ML, Grifasi C, Criscitiello C, Giuliano M, Calogero A, Dodaro C, et al. Bowel obstruction and peritoneal carcinomatosis in the elderly: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29: 73-8. doi: 10.1007\/s40520-016-0656-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0656-9"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akba\u015f A. Does a selective surgical approach to malignant bowel obstruction help in palliative care patients? Turk J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 26: 875-82. doi: 10.14744\/tjtes.2020.90250","DOI":"10.14744\/tjtes.2020.90250"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCaffrey N, Asser T, Fazekas B, Muircroft W, Agar M, Clark K, et al. Healthrelated quality of life in patients with inoperable malignant bowel obstruction: secondary outcome from a double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled randomised trial of octreotide. BMC Cancer 2020; 20: 1050. doi: 10.1186\/s12885-020-07549-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07549-y"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helyer LK, Law CHL, Butler M, Last LD, Smith AJ, Wright FC. Surgery as a bridge to palliative chemotherapy in patients with malignant bowel obstruction from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14: 1264-71. doi: 10.1245\/s10434-006-9303-6","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-006-9303-6"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Druml C, Ballmer PE, Druml W, Oehmichen F, Shenkin A, Singer P, et al. ESPEN guideline on ethical aspects of artificial nutrition and hydration. Clin Nutr 2016; 35: 545-56. doi: 10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.02.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.02.006"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel PS, Fragkos K, Keane N, Wilkinson D, Johnson A, Chan D, et al. Nutritional care pathways in cancer patients with malignant bowel obstruction: a retrospective multi-centre study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59: 118-25. doi: 10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.11.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2023.11.018"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ripamonti C, Mercadante S, Groff L, Zecca E, De Conno F, Casuccio A. Role of octreotide, scopolamine butylbromide, and hydration in symptom control of patients with inoperable bowel obstruction and nasogastric tubes. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000; 19: 23-34. doi: 10.1016\/s0885-3924(99)00147-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00147-5"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruera E, Hui D, Dalal S, Torres-Vigil I, Trumble J, Roosth J, et al. Parenteral hydration in patients with advanced cancer: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 111-8. doi: 10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.6518","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.6518"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoppenot C, Hlubocky FJ, Chor J, Yamada SD, Lee NK. Approach to palliative care consultation for patients with malignant bowel obstruction in gynecologic oncology: a qualitative analysis of physician perspectives. JCO Oncol Pract 2020; 16: 483-9. doi: 10.1200\/JOP.19.00710","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.19.00710"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selby D, Wright F, Stilos K, Daines P, Moravan V, Gill A, et al. Room for improvement? A quality-of-life assessment in patients with malignant bowel obstruction. Palliat Med 2010; 24: 38-45. doi: 10.1177\/0269216309346544","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216309346544"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, Gallagher ER, Admane S, Jackson VA, et al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non\ud840\udd13small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 733-42. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa1000678","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1000678"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aggarwal G, Glare P, Clarke S, Chapuis P. Palliative and shared care concepts in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. ANZ J Surg 2006; 76: 175-80. doi: 10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03675.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2006.03675.x"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kern H, Corani G, Huber D, Vermes N, Zaffalon M, Varini M, et al. Impact on place of death in cancer patients: a causal exploration in southern Switzerland. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19: 160. doi: 10.1186\/s12904-020-00664-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-00664-4"},{"key":"2026070211595241281_j_raon-2026-0010_ref_083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomes B, Higginson IJ, Calanzani N, Cohen J, Deliens L, Daveson BA, et al. Preferences for place of death if faced with advanced cancer: a population survey in seven European countries. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 2006-15. doi: 10.1093\/annonc\/mdr602","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr602"}],"container-title":["Radiology and Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/raon-2026-0010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:04:20Z","timestamp":1782993860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/raon-2026-0010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/raon-2026-0010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/raon-2026-0010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1581-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1581-3207","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]}}}