{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T20:54:55Z","timestamp":1775854495720,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The article discusses a method applied for combining the results of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and 75-year old triangulation measurements to estimate the crustal movements in central western Bulgaria region. It was examined for joint analysis based on the results of GNSS with angular measurements of the first order triangulation network in Bulgaria during the period 1923\u20131930 year. As a result of the processing of GNSS and angular measurements, horizontal velocities of 15 points, strain rates, and rotation rates have been obtained. The results show dominating N\u2013S extension at a rate of 1\u20132 mm\/y and the deformation is not uniformly distributed over the studied area. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using old angular measurement of first-order triangulation points, together with GNSS data, to obtain estimates of the horizontal crustal movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rgg-2019-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]],"date-time":"2019-12-08T04:30:56Z","timestamp":1575779456000},"page":"23-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deformation analysis in central west Bulgaria using triangulation and GPS data"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geodesy, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Acad. G. Bonchev str , Block 3 , Sofia 1113 , Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041020013203138_j_rgg-2019-0009_ref_001_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab2ab1Aa","unstructured":"Barrier, E., Chamot-Rooke, N., and Giordano, G. (2004). Geodynamic maps of the Mediterranean \u2013 sheet 1: Tectonics and kinematics. Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) & Unesco, France."},{"key":"2026041020013203138_j_rgg-2019-0009_ref_002_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab2ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burchfiel, C. B., Nakov, R., Tzankov, T., and Royden, L. H. (2000). Cenozoic extension in Bulgaria and northern Greece: the northern part of the Aegean extensional regime. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173(1):325\u2013352, doi:10.1144\/GSL.SP.2000.173.01.16.","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.2000.173.01.16"},{"key":"2026041020013203138_j_rgg-2019-0009_ref_003_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab2ab3Aa","unstructured":"Dimitrov, N. and Georgiev, I. (2011). Crustal strain from GPS and triangulation data in Central Western Bulgaria. Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 72(1\u20133):27\u201332."},{"key":"2026041020013203138_j_rgg-2019-0009_ref_004_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab2ab4Aa","unstructured":"Dong, D. (1993). The horizontal velocity field in southern California from a combination of terrestrial and space-geodetic data PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology."},{"key":"2026041020013203138_j_rgg-2019-0009_ref_005_w2aab3b7b1b1b6b1ab2ab5Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, D., Herring, T., and King, R. W. (1998). Estimating regional deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial geodetic data. 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