{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:55:11Z","timestamp":1787025311038,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis (MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM) is an autoimmune disease frequently accompanied by rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) with high mortality. T cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM and this study aims to measure the frequency and clinical relevance of cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells in this disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      T cells expressing Perforin, Granzyme B (GZMB) and Granzyme K (GZMK) were analyzed by flow cytometry from peripheral blood of 19 patients with active MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HDs). The frequency of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the cytotoxic subsets were compared between patients with MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM and HDs. Correlations within T cell subsets and between T cell subsets and clinical parameters of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Myositis Intention-to-Treat Index (MITAX) were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with HDs, patients with active MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM significantly had increased frequency of CD4 T cells, and reduced frequency of GZMK\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      GZMB\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8 T cells. Furthermore, the frequency of GZMK\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      GZMB\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD8 T cells positively correlated with serum ferritin levels in active MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM patients. Notably, the patients in the Dead group of MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM had a significant higher frequency of GZMK\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      GZMB\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD4 and CD8 T cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Substantial changes of cytotoxic T cell subsets are observed in active MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM patients. In addition, a high frequency of GZMK\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      GZMB\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD4 and CD8 T cells is associated with unfavorable prognosis in MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM. More studies are warranted to further explore the roles of cytotoxic T cells in MDA5\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      DM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2022-0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T09:51:20Z","timestamp":1666259480000},"page":"136-142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A preliminary study of frequency and clinical relevance of cytotoxic peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells in patients with anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fengyun","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Microbes, Development and Health , Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology , Institut Pasteur of Shanghai\/University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Microbes, Development and Health , Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology , Institut Pasteur of Shanghai\/University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Group Reference Laboratory , Shanghai Blood Center , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Microbes, Development and Health , Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology , Institut Pasteur of Shanghai\/University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital , Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023022814564790863_j_rir-2022-0022_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nombel A, Fabien N, Coutant F. Dermatomyositis With Anti-MDA5 Antibodies: Bioclinical Features, Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies. Front Immunol. 2021;12:773352.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.773352"},{"key":"2023022814564790863_j_rir-2022-0022_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu W, Guo L, Fu Y, et al. Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Positive Dermatomyositis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2021;60: 293\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-020-08822-5"},{"key":"2023022814564790863_j_rir-2022-0022_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato S, Hirakata M, Kuwana M, et al. Autoantibodies to a 140-kd Polypeptide, CADM-140, in Japanese Patients with Clinically Amyopathic Dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:1571\u20131576.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21023"},{"key":"2023022814564790863_j_rir-2022-0022_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye S, Chen XX, Lu XY, et al. 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