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OE-MSC-Exos were added to the Tfh cell polarization condition, and the proportion of Tfh cells was detected by FCM. The PD-L1 of OE-MSCs was silenced with small interfering RNA to extract siPD-L1-OE-MSC-Exos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_rir-2022-0035_s_007\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that transfer of OE-MSC-Exos markedly attenuated disease progression and reduced Tfh cell response in mice with ESS. In culture, OE-MSC-Exos potently inhibited the differentiation of Tfh cells from na\u00efve T cells. Moreover, OE-MSC-Exos expressed high level of the ligand for the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1), knocking down PD-L1 expression in OE-MSC-Exos significantly decreased their capacity to suppress Tfh cell differentiation in vitro. Consistently, transfer of OE-MSC-Exos with PD-L1 knockdown exhibited profoundly diminished therapeutic effect in ESS mice, accompanied with sustained Tfh cell response and high levels of autoantibody production.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_rir-2022-0035_s_008\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that OE-MSC-Exos may exert their therapeutic effect in ameliorating ESS progression via suppressing Tfh cell response in a PD-L1-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2022-0035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T10:51:25Z","timestamp":1675767085000},"page":"198-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate murine Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome via suppressing Tfh cell response"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Rui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second People\u2019s Hospital, China Three Gorges University , Yichang 443000, Hubei Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Ninth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200001 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077 , China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong Province , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070916030089733_j_rir-2022-0035_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariette X, Criswell LA. 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