{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T02:46:05Z","timestamp":1777776365862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus; however, in contrast to other countries, there are no scientific studies in Portugal evaluating the impact of demographic and clinical characteristics of this pathological entity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of gender, metabolic control, age of diabetic patients, as well as time of disease progression, the appearance of complaints related to neuropathic pain.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Material and methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    A multicentre study with a non-probabilistic, convenience sample of 359 patients was performed employing the quantitative method, using the Statistical Package for Social Science 24 software. The p-value of p &lt; 0.05 was defined to consider a result statistically significant. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was determined to determine the relationship between categorical variables.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of DN between genders (p = 0.633 and r = 0.025). There was a statistically significant relationship between the value of HbA1c and DN, with p = 0.010 and r = 0.136. There is a relationship between age and complaints of neuropathic pain, with p = 0.034 and r = 0.112. The variable, time of disease progression, is also correlated with the appearance of complaints of neuropathic pain with p = 0.020 and r = 0.112.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The prevalence of neuropathic pain in subjects with diabetes is not negligible and is associated with modifiable risk factors that can be identified, possibly modified and prevented. The correct approach for these patients, which involves screening and early treatment, is decisive improving functionality and quality of life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2019-0019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T05:12:08Z","timestamp":1566709928000},"page":"13-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The impact of demographic and clinical characteristics on diabetic painful neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health Unit (FHU) Viriato, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health Unit (FHU) Viriato, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Tondela-Viseu Hospital Center , Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine , Tondela-Viseu Hospital Center , Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Sobreda, Almada -Seixal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health Unit (FHU) Viriato, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Tondela, Tondela, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Cidade Jardim, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU S\u00ba Pedro do Sul , Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Azeit\u00e3o, Azeit\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Prata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Sobreda, Almada -Seixal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Tiago","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health Unit (FHU) Viriato, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Gr\u00e3o-Vasco, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Health Unit (FHU) Viriato, Viseu , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Sobreda, Almada -Seixal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiago Letras","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHU Vale do Sorraia, Coruche , Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_001_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. BURSON LK, SCHANK CH. Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Home healthcare now. 2016 Mar; 34(3):135\u20139.10.1097\/NHH.000000000000034826925938","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0000000000000348"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_002_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab2Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. FOSSE S, HARTEMANN-HEURTIER A, JACQUEMINET S, HA VAN G, GRIMALDI A, FAGOT-CAMPAGNA A. Incidence and characteristics of lower limb amputations in people with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009 Apr; 26(4):391\u20136.10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02698.x19388969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02698.x"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_003_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab3Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. BECKMAN JA, CREAGER MA. Vascular complications of diabetes. Circulation Research. 2016 May 27; 118(11):1771\u201385.10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.30688427230641","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306884"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_004_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. POP-BUSUI R, BOULTON AJM, FELDMAN EL, BRIL V, FREEMAN R, MALIK RA, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jan; 40 (1):136\u2013154.10.2337\/dc16-2042697740527999003","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_005_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab5Aa","unstructured":"5. YAGIHASHI S, MIZUKAMI H. Diabetic neuropathy. In: Diabetes and Aging-related Complications. 2017 Jun 15; 8(6):249\u2013269."},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_006_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. BOOYA F, BANDARIAN F, LARIJANI B, PAJOUHI M, NOORAEI M, LOTFI J. Potential risk factors for diabetic neuropathy: A case control study. BMC Neurol. 2005 Dec 10; 5:24.10.1186\/1471-2377-5-24134357616336693","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-5-24"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_007_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab7Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. SMITH AG, SINGLETON JR. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for early diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications. 2013 Sep\u2013Oct; 27(5):436\u201342.10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.04.003376640423731827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.04.003"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_008_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab8Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. ASLAM A, SINGH J, RAJBHANDARI S. Pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain Research and Treatment. 2014 (4 i):412041.10.1155\/2014\/412041402698824891949","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/412041"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_009_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ab9Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. JAVED S, PETROPOULOS IN, ALAM U, MALIK RA. Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease. 2015 Jan; 6(1):15\u201328.10.1177\/2040622314552071426961025553239","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622314552071"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_010_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac10Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. PODWALL D, GOOCH C. Diabetic neuropathy: Clinical features, etiology, and therapy. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2004 Jan; 4(1):55\u201361.10.1007\/s11910-004-0013-914683630","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-004-0013-9"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_011_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac11Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. LOZERON P, NAHUM L, LACROIX C, ROPERT A, GUGLIELMI JM, SAID G. Symptomatic diabetic and non-diabetic neuropathies in a series of 100 diabetic patients. J Neurol. 2002 May; 249(5):569\u201375.10.1007\/s00415020006612021947","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200066"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_012_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac12Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. DOBRETSOV M, ROMANOVSKY D, STIMERS JR. Early diabetic neuropathy: Triggers and mechanisms. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2007 Jan 14; 13(2):175\u2013191.10.3748\/wjg.v13.i2.175182941117226897","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i2.175"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_013_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac13Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. WON JC, PARK TS. Recent Advances in Diagnostic Strategies for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jun; 31(2):230\u20138.10.3803\/EnM.2016.31.2.230492340627246283","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2016.31.2.230"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_014_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac14Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. FELDMAN EL, STEVENS MJ, THOMAS PK, BROWN MB, CANAL N, GREENE DA. A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 1994 Nov; 17(11):1281\u20139.10.2337\/diacare.17.11.12817821168","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.11.1281"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_015_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac15Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. BOULTON AJM, VINIK AI, AREZZO JC, BRIL V, FELDMAN EL, FREEMAN R, et al. Diabetic neuropathies: A statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2005 Apr; 28(4):956\u201362.10.2337\/diacare.28.4.95615793206","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.956"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_016_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac16Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. PAPANAS N, VINIK AI, ZIEGLER D. Neuropathy in prediabetes: Does the clock start ticking early? Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2011 Jul 12; 7(11):682\u201390.10.1038\/nrendo.2011.11321750507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.113"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_017_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac17Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. SINGLETON JR, SMITH AG, BROMBERG MB. Increased prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with painful sensory neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2001 Aug; 24(8):1448\u201353.10.2337\/diacare.24.8.144811473085","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.8.1448"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_018_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac18Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. KHOSHNOODI MA, TRUELOVE S, BURAKGAZI A, HOKE A, MAMMEN AL, POLYDEFKIS M. Longitudinal assessment of small fiber neuropathy: Evidence of a non-length-dependent distal axonopathy. JAMA Neurol. 2016 Jun 1; 73(6):684\u201390.10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.005727065313","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0057"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_019_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac19Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. POURHAMIDI K, DAHLIN LB, ENGLUND E, ROLANDSSON O. No difference in small or large nerve fiber function between individuals with normal glucose tolerance and impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Apr;36(4):962\u20134.10.2337\/dc12-1331360948923223347","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1331"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_020_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac20Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. KAUR S, PANDHI P, DUTTA P. Painful diabetic neuropathy: An update. Ann Neurosci. 2011 Oct; 18(4):168\u2013175.10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.1118409","DOI":"10.5214\/ans.0972.7531.1118409"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_021_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac21Aa","unstructured":"21. SNYDER MJ, GIBBS LM, LINDSAY TJ. Treating painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: An update. Am Fam Physician. Aug 1; 94(3):227\u201334."},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_022_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac22Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. MIRANDA-MASSARI JR. B, GONZALEZ MJ. D, JIMENEZ FJ., ALLENDE-VIGO MZ., DUCONGE J. Metabolic correction in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Improving clinical results beyond symptom control. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Nov; 6(4):260\u201373.10.2174\/157488411798375967368249822082324","DOI":"10.2174\/157488411798375967"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_023_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac23Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. GRISOLD A, CALLAGHAN BC, FELDMAN EL. Mediators of diabetic neuropathy. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2017 Apr; 24(2):103\u2013111.10.1097\/MED.0000000000000320583154228098594","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000320"},{"key":"2026042914161918038_j_rjim-2019-0019_ref_024_w2aab3b8b2b1b7b1ab1ac24Aa","unstructured":"24. DIRE\u00c7\u00c3O GERAL DE SA\u00daDE. Tratamento farmacol\u00f3gico da dor neurop\u00e1tica no adulto e idoso. N\u00famero 043\/2011, atualizada a 13\/07\/2017. 2017"}],"container-title":["Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.sciendo.com\/view\/journals\/rjim\/58\/1\/article-p13.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/rjim-2019-0019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:22:56Z","timestamp":1777486976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/rjim-2019-0019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/rjim-2019-0019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/rjim-2019-0019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2501-062X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2501-062X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}}}