{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:54:34Z","timestamp":1791219274446,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background.<\/jats:bold>\n                    We sought to evaluate the clinical impacts of the early administration of trophic doses of a glutamine\/arginine enriched enteral nutrition formula (ENF) with a high protein density to cachectic hypoalbuminemic hospitalized patients intolerant to enteral nutrition.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    A retrospective analysis was conducted using the nutritional and non-nutritional data of patients admitted to our institution from April 2017 through August 2019. Patients who died or were discharged before completing \u22651 weeks of hospital admission, or those whose data could not be obtained were excluded. Among other variables, percent changes in serum albumin levels (%\u2206ALB), C \u2013 reactive protein (CRP) and their ratios were expressed as Mean \u00b1 SD using the Independent Samples T-test, while categorical variables were expressed as numbers with percentages by using \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    test. Two tested groups were determined based on the use of ENF: Group I received trophic doses of ENF, while Group II received no enteral nutrition.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The overall hospital length of stay (LOS) and overall 28-day hospital mortality were significantly lower in Group I when compared with Group II with Means \u00b1 SDs of (11.32 \u00b1 2.19 days vs 23.49 \u00b1 4.33 days) and (13.13% vs. 28.16%), respectively. Also, significantly higher (%\u2206ALB) for Group I compared with group II (43.48% \u00b1 7.89% vs. 33.45% \u00b1 6.18%), respectively was observed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion.<\/jats:bold>\n                    In malnourished hypoalbuminemic patients suffering from feeding intolerance, early trophic administration of glutamine\/arginine enriched high protein density ENF was well tolerated and may be associated with increased plasma albumin levels, reduced LOS, and overall 28-day mortality, and hence may be considered in such patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T10:25:48Z","timestamp":1590488748000},"page":"153-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The clinical impacts of early using glutamine\/arginine enriched high protein density formula at trophic dose in intolerant enteral nutrition cachectic hypoalbuminemic hospitalized patients"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Hussien","family":"Al-Shebli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Internal medicine\/Nephrologist , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Al-Shayyab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Internal medicine\/Nephrologist , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moh\u2019d Nour Bani","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Adult Critical Care Unit , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinan","family":"Badwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Internal medicine\/Oncologist , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Internal Medicine\/Infectious Disease , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Alshawabkeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Clinical pharmacy , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej","family":"Almanaseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Clinical pharmacy , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razan","family":"Fannoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Clinical pharmacy , Amman - Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042915193127285_j_rjim-2020-0014_ref_001_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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