{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:44:03Z","timestamp":1792604643721,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered one of the most frequent chronic gastrointestinal diseases globally with high costs due to treatment and investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>First line therapy is with proton pump inhibitors, those who do not respond to initial treatment usually require further investigations such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or ambulatory 24-hours esophageal pH monitoring. The total time of exposure to acid and the DeMeester score represent the most useful parameters associated with conventional pH-metry, because they can identify gastroesophageal reflux disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Although pH-metry is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease, new impedance-based parameters have been introduced in recent years with the role of increasing the accuracy of diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease and characterizing the type of reflux. The development of multichannel intraluminal pH-impedance has improved the ability to detect and quantify gastroesophageal reflux. New parameters such as post-reflux swallowing peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and the mean nocturnal basal impedance (MNBI) have recently been introduced to assess GERD phenotypes more accurately. This review evaluates current GERD diagnotic tools while also taking a brief look at newer diagnostic parameters like PSPW and MNBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T09:19:18Z","timestamp":1601975958000},"page":"3-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Advances in the diagnosis of GERD"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Elena-Roxana","family":"S\u0103raru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Emergency Hospital Bucharest , Gastroenterology Department , Bucharest , Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Enciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Emergency Hospital Bucharest , Gastroenterology Department , Bucharest , Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razvan","family":"Peagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Emergency Hospital Bucharest , Gastroenterology Department , Bucharest , Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Fierbin\u0163eanu-Braticevici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Emergency Hospital Bucharest , Gastroenterology Department , Bucharest , Romania"},{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042915193727695_j_rjim-2020-0027_ref_001_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility. 2020; 26(2):241\u20137.10.5056\/jnm19183717650132235031","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm19183"},{"key":"2026042915193727695_j_rjim-2020-0027_ref_032_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab1ac32Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32. ZHANG M, PANDOLFINO JE, ZHOU X, TAN N, LI Y, CHEN M, et al. Assessing different diagnostic tests for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology. 2019; 12:1756284819890537.10.1177\/1756284819890537687619131803253","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284819890537"},{"key":"2026042915193727695_j_rjim-2020-0027_ref_033_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab1ac33Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33. RAVI K, GENO DM, VELA MF, CROWELL MD, KATZKA DA. Baseline impedance measured during high-resolution esophageal impedance manometry reliably discriminates GERD patients. Neurogastroenterology and motility: the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society. 2017; 29(5).10.1111\/nmo.1297427778419","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12974"},{"key":"2026042915193727695_j_rjim-2020-0027_ref_034_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab1ac34Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34. SUN YM, GAO Y, GAO F. Role of Esophageal Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance and Post-reflux Swallow-induced Peristaltic Wave Index in Discriminating Chinese Patients With Heartburn. Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility. 2019; 25(4):515\u201320.10.5056\/jnm19056678644031587542","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm19056"},{"key":"2026042915193727695_j_rjim-2020-0027_ref_035_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab1ac35Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35. FRAZZONI L, FRAZZONI M, DE BORTOLI N, TOLONE S, FURNARI M, MARTINUCCI I, et al. Postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index and nocturnal baseline impedance can link PPI-responsive heartburn to reflux better than acid exposure time. 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