{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:55:01Z","timestamp":1787025301527,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]],"date-time":"2021-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620432000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and aims.<\/jats:bold>\n                    Approximately 10\u201330% of the patients with typical symptoms of angina pectoris have normal angiography showing normal macrovasculature. In these patients, however, the microvascular problems should be monitored. Hence, the main aim of this study is to evaluate retinal changes in normal angiographic patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods.<\/jats:bold>\n                    In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 60 normal angiographic patients with typical chest pain or anginal equivalents visiting Modarres Hospital Cardiology Research Center between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled and retinal changes were determined in Labbafinejad Hospital by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography using Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ), Superficial Vascular Density (SVD), and Deep Vascular Density (DVD).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of this study demonstrated that FAZ was normal in all subjects, but SVD and DVD were abnormal in 45% and 8.3%, respectively. Totally, 18.5% and 66.7% showed abnormal SVD among stable angina (SA) and unstable angina (UA) cases, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between abnormal DVD in SA and UA cases (P = 0.058). Abnormal SVD was significantly more common among diabetic patients (P &lt; 0.001), while DVD was not related to diabetes presence in the study population (P &gt; 0.05). Moreover, abnormal SVD was more common among patients with chest pain (P = 0.036), while there was no significant difference for DVD (P = 0.371). Interestingly, abnormal ECG was associated with both abnormal DVD and SVD.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions.<\/jats:bold>\n                    The results of this study showed that nearly half of the patients with angina pectoris or anginal equivalents who revealed normal angiographic findings may suffer from retinal changes. Thus, retinal assessment is needed in these patients to evaluate microvascular changes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T15:09:16Z","timestamp":1606748956000},"page":"174-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Retinal changes in patients with angina pectoris and anginal equivalents: a study of patients with normal coronary angiography"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Vahid","family":"Eslami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Mojahedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Nourinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtalmic Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Tabary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isa","family":"Khaheshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042915193333166_j_rjim-2020-0039_ref_001_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1ab1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70(1):1\u201325.10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052"},{"key":"2026042915193333166_j_rjim-2020-0039_ref_004_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1ab4Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4. MATHERS CD, LONCAR D. Updated projections of global mortality and burden of disease, 2002\u20132030: data sources, methods and results. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2005.10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030442"},{"key":"2026042915193333166_j_rjim-2020-0039_ref_005_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1ab5Aa","unstructured":"5. DELAHAYE F, ROTH O, DE GEVIGNEY G. Epidemiology of acute coronary syndrome. La Revue du praticien. 2003; 53(6):607\u201310."},{"key":"2026042915193333166_j_rjim-2020-0039_ref_006_w2aab3b7b8b1b6b1ab1ab6Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. KOCH CG, WENG Y-S, ZHOU SX, SAVINO JS, MATHEW JP, HSU PH, et al. Prevalence of risk factors, and not gender per se, determines short-and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass surgery. 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