{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T08:06:15Z","timestamp":1788854775845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is now one of the main imaging tools in systemic sclerosis and imposed over time as an easy, non-invasive method for the nailfold microvascular bed assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In qualitative NFC normal pattern is characterized by homogeneous, parallel fashion arrangement of the last capillaries row as well as by capillaries with hairpin or non-specific variations like tortuous and\/ or crossing shape.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Nailfold capillaroscopy is strongly recommended for evaluation of all patients with Raynaud phenomenon. Appearance of giant capillaries is chronologically the first relevant finding for scleroderma spectrum disorders development (systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, undifferentiated and mixed connective tissue disease). Collapses of the giant loops generate microhemorrhages and further capillary loss with subsequent hypoxia, and neoangiogenesis seen as ramified\/ bushy capillaries. Nailfold capillaroscopy is indicated especially in systemic sclerosis, being also included in the classification criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Based on these major NFC pathologic findings (giant capillaries, microhemorrhages, avascularity and neoangiogenesis), three evolutive stages were described in systemic sclerosis, namely the early, active, and late scleroderma pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In other connective tissue diseases than those scleroderma-related, like systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, or antiphospholipid syndrome, the interest for capillaroscopy is growing, but the attempts of defining specific characteristics failed until now.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Besides qualitative NFC, semiquantitative and quantitative capillaroscopic assessments were proposed for more accurate evaluation. Lately, automated systems are under development. There is still need of more studies to sustain the nailfold capillaroscopy validity as diagnostic and prognostic test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2021-0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T06:00:48Z","timestamp":1617688848000},"page":"201-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nailfold capillaroscopy in systemic diseases: short overview for internal medicine"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alina","family":"Dima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology , Colentina Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Berza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology , Colentina Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Nicoleta","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology , Colentina Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda Ileana","family":"Parvu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology , Colentina Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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State of the art on nailfold capillaroscopy: A reliable diagnostic tool and putative biomarker in rheumatology? Rheumatol (United Kingdom). 2013;52(11):1933\u201340.","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket153"},{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_013","unstructured":"13. VAN DEN HOOGEN F., KHANNA D., FRANSEN J., JOHNSON SR., BARON M., TYNDALL A., et al. 2013 Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheum 2013;65(11):2737\u201347.10.1002\/art.38098393014624122180"},{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. PAXTON D., PAULING JD. Does nailfold capillaroscopy help predict future outcomes in systemic sclerosis? A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018;48:482\u201394. doi:10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.02.00510.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.02.00529602558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.02.005"},{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. SMITH V., HERRICK AL., INGEGNOLI F., DAMJANOV N., ANGELIS, DENTON CP., et al. Standardisation of nailfold capillaroscopy for the assessment of patients with Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev [Internet]. 2020;(xxxx):102458. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.10245810.1016\/j.autrev.2020.10245831927087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102458"},{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. CUTOLO M., SULLI A., SMITH V. How to perform and interpret capillaroscopy. 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Nailfold capillaroscopy in rheumatic diseases: which parameters should be evaluated? Biomed Res Int. 2015: 974530.10.1155\/2015\/974530456978326421308","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/974530"},{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. INGEGNOLI F., GUALTIEROTTI R. A systematic overview on the use and relevance of capillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013;9(11):1091\u20137.10.1586\/1744666X.2013.84919824147535","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2013.849198"},{"key":"2026042914164824950_j_rjim-2021-0007_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. CUTOLO M., MELSENS K., TROMBETTA A., PIZZORNI C., DESCHEPPER E., SULLI A., et al. SAT0377 Reliability of a new automated system for absolute capillary number counting (AUTOCAPI) on systemic sclerosis nailfold videocapillaroscopic images. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 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