{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T02:57:14Z","timestamp":1777777034117,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. It is already known that MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) and TNF-\u03b1 (tumour necrosis factor) as inflammatory markers, ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) as an endothelial dysfunctional marker, and glutathione, as an antioxidant, have abnormal levels in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific biological picture of type 2 diabetic patients that also associate higher GGT activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Eighty-five type 2 diabetes, aged 40\u201370 years with a duration of diabetes less than 6 years without infections, epilepsy, chronic liver or cardiac diseases, without alcohol consumption (&gt;20 g\/day) were divided in two subgroups, those with normal and those with high abnormal GGT.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    . The diabetic patients with high GGT (n=31) had dysglycaemia, dyslipidemia, higher inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-\u03b1, MCP-1) and endothelial dysfunction (high leptin and sICAM). sICAM, serum MCP-1 and TNF-\u03b1 levels had significant correlations with GGT activity (r= 0.38, r=0.30 and 0.26 respectively, p&lt;0.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    . This study underlines that in non-alcoholic diabetic patients, with a duration of the metabolic disease less than 6 years, sICAM, serum MCP-1 and TNF-\u03b1 might play an important role in dysmetabolism, and higher level for GGT represents the \u201ered flag\u201d for this condition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2024-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T10:43:47Z","timestamp":1708425827000},"page":"203-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The importance of the enzyme Gamma-glutamyltransferase in the pathogenic cluster in type2 diabetic patient"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Bogdana","family":"Virgolici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Zinaida","family":"Dobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Lixandru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Petcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariana","family":"Picu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Ionescu-T\u00e2rgovi\u015fte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Greabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena Violeta","family":"Bacanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042915195285957_j_rjim-2024-0006_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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