{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:58:08Z","timestamp":1781348288644,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COPD is a complex disease with pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations intensively studied due to the numerous pathologic processes involved. Its prevalence is increasing, representing the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. Sarcopenia can occur in COPD patients with common risk factors. Sarcopenia is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and function with consequences on muscle performance. Muscle changes can be measured by different methods: MRI, DXA, BIA, CT or biopsy. The prevalence of sarcopenia has been studied in numerous studies with varying results. This review identifies the main risk factors that contribute to the variable outcomes with a focus on the characteristics of the studied population, the criteria for defining sarcopenia and the methods used to measure muscle mass, strength and physical performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2026-0003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T22:44:20Z","timestamp":1772405060000},"page":"55-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comprehensive Review of the Association between Sarcopenia and COPD"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"T\u0103nase Andreea","family":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florentina","family":"Gherghiceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"},{"name":"\u201cMarius Nasta\u201d National Institute of Pneumology , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octavian","family":"Andronic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation and eHealth Center , \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SUN Y., ZHANG L., CAI H., CHEN Y. Editorial: Osteoporosis, sarcopenia and muscle-bone crosstalk in COPD. Front Physiol. 2022; 13:1040693.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1040693"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BENZ E., et al. Sarcopenia in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2019; 28(154).","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0049-2019"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KALU\u0179NIAK-SZYMANOWSKA A., KRZYMI\u0143SKA-SIEMASZKO R., DESKUR-\u015aMIELECKA E., LEWANDOWICZ M., KACZMAREK B., WIECZOROWSKA-TOBIS K. Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in older adults with COPD. Nutrients. 2022; 14(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14010044"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"XIANG Y., LUO X. Extrapulmonary comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2024; 19:567\u201378.","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S447739"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CRUZ-JENTOFT A.J., et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019; 48(1):16\u201331.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BAUER J., et al. Sarcopenia: A time for action. An SCWD position paper. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019; 10(5):956\u201361.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12483"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VAN BAKEL S.I.J., GOSKER H.R., LANGEN R.C., SCHOLS A.M.W.J. Towards personalized management of sarcopenia in COPD. 2021.","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S280540"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LOCQUET M., BRUY\u00c8RE O., LENGEL\u00c9 L., REGINSTER J.Y., BEAUDART C. Relationship between smoking and the incidence of sarcopenia: The SarcoPhAge cohort. Public Health. 2021; 193:101\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2021.01.017"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZHOU J., et al. Risk factors of sarcopenia in COPD patients: A meta-analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2024; 19:1613\u201322.","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S456451"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TRAJANOSKA K., et al. Sarcopenia and its clinical correlates in the general population: The Rotterdam Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2018; 33(7):1209\u201318.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3416"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_011","unstructured":"GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease \u2013 GOLD. 2024."},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_012","unstructured":"MALTAIS F., et al. An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: update on limb muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014; 189(9)."},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BARREIRO E., JAITOVICH A. Muscle atrophy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular basis and potential therapeutic targets. J Thorac Dis. 2018; 10(Suppl 12):S1415\u201324.","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.04.168"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HENROT P., et al. Main pathogenic mechanisms and recent advances in COPD peripheral skeletal muscle wasting. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076454"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SHARANYA A., CIANO M., WITHANA S., KEMP P.R., POLKEY M.I., SATHYAPALA S.A. Sex differences in COPD-related quadriceps muscle dysfunction and fibre abnormalities. Chron Respir Dis. 2019; 16.","DOI":"10.1177\/1479973119843650"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BONE A.E., HEPGUL N., KON S., MADDOCKS M. Sarcopenia and frailty in chronic respiratory disease: lessons from gerontology. 2017.","DOI":"10.1177\/1479972316679664"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KIM S.H., SHIN M.J., SHIN Y.B., KIM K.U. Sarcopenia associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Bone Metab. 2019;26(2):65\u201374.","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2019.26.2.65"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MA K., HUANG F., QIAO R., MIAO L. Pathogenesis of sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol. 2022; 13:850964.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.850964"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DA COSTA T.M.R.L., COSTA F.M., MOREIRA C.A., RABELO L.M., BOGUSZEWSKI C.L., BORBA V.Z.C. Sarcopenia in COPD: relationship with COPD severity and prognosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2015; 41(5):415\u201321.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-37132015000000040"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ATE\u015e F., MARQUETAND J., ZIMMER M. Detecting age-related changes in skeletal muscle mechanics using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Sci Rep. 2023; 13(1):20062.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47468-z"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZHANG L., SUN Y. Muscle-bone crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.724911"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MANCEAU M., et al. Myostatin promotes the terminal differentiation of embryonic muscle progenitors. Genes Dev. 2008; 22(5):668\u201381.","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.454408"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SANCHO-MU\u00d1OZ A., GUITART M., RODR\u00cdGUEZ D.A., GEA J., MART\u00cdNEZ-LLLORENS J., BARREIRO E. Deficient muscle regeneration potential in sarcopenic COPD patients: role of satellite cells. J Cell Physiol. 2021; 236(4):3083\u201398.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30073"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CAVAILL\u00c8S A., et al. Comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir Rev. 2013; 22(130):454\u201375.","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00008612"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y M, DAVE A.K., PATEL S.S., PARBAT R., SHAH V., GANDHI R. Association between sarcopenia and chronic renal failure (overt and concealed) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2023; 15(10).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46870"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VESTBO J., et al. Body mass, fat-free body mass, and prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from a random population sample: findings from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 173(1):79\u201383.","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-969OC"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VERMEEREN M.A.P., et al. Prevalence of nutritional depletion in a large outpatient population of patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2006; 100(8):1349\u201355.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.11.023"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RUTTEN E.P.A., et al. Quantitative CT: associations between emphysema, airway wall thickness and body composition in COPD. Pulm Med. 2011; 2011:419328.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/419328"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DONINI L.M., et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Obes Facts. 2022; 15(3):321.","DOI":"10.1159\/000521241"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OZCAKIR S., SIGIRLI D., URSAVAS A., UZASLAN E. COPD and osteoporosis: associated factors in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020; 15:2441\u201348.","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S274728"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LEDUC-GAUDET J.P., HUSSAIN S.N.A. Muscle wasting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: not enough autophagy? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2022; 66(6):587\u201388.","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2022-0064ED"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BAHAT G., OREN M.M., YILMAZ O., KILI\u00c7 C., AYDIN K., KARAN M.A. Comparing SARC-F with SARC-CalF to screen sarcopenia in community living older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2018; 22(9):1034\u201338.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1072-y"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CHO M.-R., LEE S., SONG S.-K. A review of sarcopenia pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and future direction. J Korean Med Sci. 2022; 37(18).","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e146"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YUAN S., LARSSON S.C. Epidemiology of sarcopenia: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. Metabolism. 2023; 144.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155533"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VAN ANCUM J.M., ALCAZAR J., MESKERS C.G.M., NIELSEN B.R., SUETTA C., MAIER A.B. Impact of using the updated EWGSOP2 definition in diagnosing sarcopenia: a clinical perspective. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2020; 90.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2020.104125"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FERNANDES S., et al. Cutoff points for grip strength in screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2022; 26(5):452\u201360.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1788-6"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PAPADOPOULOU S.K., TSINTAVIS P., POTSAKI G., PAPANDREOU D. Differences in the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling, nursing home and hospitalized individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020; 24(1):83\u201390.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1267-x"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SHAFIEE G., KESHTKAR A., SOLTANI A., AHADI Z., LARIJANI B., HESHMAT R. Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2017; 16(1):1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACHAMRAH N., et al. Comparison of body composition assessment by DXA and BIA according to the body mass index: a retrospective study on 3655 measures. PLoS One. 2018; 13(7):e0200465.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200465"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SEP\u00daLVEDA-LOYOLA W., OSADNIK C., PHU S., MORITA A.A., DUQUE G., PROBST V.S. Diagnosis, prevalence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12600"},{"key":"2026061310351760628_j_rjim-2026-0003_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MATKOVIC Z., et al. Easy to perform physical performance tests to identify COPD patients with low physical activity in clinical practice. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020; 15:921\u201329.","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S246571"}],"container-title":["Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/rjim-2026-0003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:37:34Z","timestamp":1781347054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/rjim-2026-0003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/rjim-2026-0003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/rjim-2026-0003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2501-062X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2501-062X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]}}}