{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:57:14Z","timestamp":1781348234458,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic Myeloid Leukemia is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the BCR-ABL fusion gene. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors such as imatinib and nilotinib have significantly improved the prognosis for CML patients. However, prolonged TKI therapy is associated with cardiovascular side effects, particularly hypertension. This study aims to compare the effects of imatinib and nilotinib on blood pressure in CML patients over a 12-month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, including 148 adult CML patients who received imatinib or nilotinib for at least 12 months. BP measurements were taken at baseline, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and multivariate regression to evaluate BP changes and their associations with demographic and treatment variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both systolic and diastolic BP significantly increased in both groups over 12 months. In the imatinib group, systolic BP rose from 112 mmHg to 125 mmHg, and diastolic BP increased from 72 mmHg to 81 mmHg. In the nilotinib group, systolic BP increased from 111 mmHg to 130 mmHg, and diastolic BP rose from 70 mmHg to 83 mmHg. These increases were more pronounced in the nilotinib group (p &lt; 0.001 for systolic and p = 0.006 for diastolic).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both imatinib and nilotinib therapies lead to significant increases in BP, with nilotinib showing a greater hypertensive effect. Monitoring BP is crucial, especially for patients on second-generation TKIs, to manage cardiovascular risks associated with long-term treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2026-0005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:49:09Z","timestamp":1775771349000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blood Pressure Alterations in CML Patients Treated with Imatinib vs. Nilotinib: A Clinical Insight"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Wardiyanti","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tutik","family":"Harjianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Clinical Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pendrik","family":"Tandean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syakib","family":"Bakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faridin","family":"Hp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andi Alfian","family":"Zainuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , Hasanuddin University , Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OSMAN AEG, DEININGER MW. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Modern therapies, current challenges and future directions. Blood Rev 2021;49.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2021.100825"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"REKSODIPUTRO A H. Epidemiology Study and Mutation Profile of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Indonesia. J Blood Disord Transfus 2015;06.","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9864.1000271"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CORTES J, PAVLOVSKY C, SAU\u00dfELE S. Chronic myeloid leukaemia. The Lancet 2021;398:1914\u201326.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01204-6"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GUSTAFSON D, FISH JE, LIPTON JH, et al. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicity of BCR-ABL1 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020;15:20\u201330.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-020-00560-x"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JABBOUR E, KANTARJIAN H. Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, therapy and monitoring. Am J Hematol 2020;95:691\u2013709.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25792"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JAIN P, KANTARJIAN H, BODDU PC, et al. Analysis of cardiovascular and arteriothrombotic adverse events in chronic-phase CML patients after frontline TKIs. Blood Adv 2019;3:851\u201361.","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018025874"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MULAS O, CAOCCI G, MOLA B, et al. Arterial Hypertension and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 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Comorbidities and outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a real-world, nationwide, retrospective study from Hungary. Pathology and Oncology Research 2024;30.","DOI":"10.3389\/pore.2024.1611497"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00d6GLUND M, SANDIN F, SIMONSSON B. Epidemiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia: an update. Ann Hematol 2015;94:241\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2314-2"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MILOJKOVIC D, LYON AR, MEHTA P, et al. Cardiovascular risk in chronic myeloid leukaemia: A multidisciplinary consensus on screening and management. Eur J Haematol 2023;111:201\u201310.","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13983"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AGARWAL M, THAREJA N, BENJAMIN M, et al. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension. Curr Oncol Rep 2018;20.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-018-0708-8"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HUANG CE, LEE K DER, CHANG JJ, et al. Association of Nilotinib With Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: A National Population-Based Cohort Study. Oncologist 2024;29:E81\u20139.","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyad225"},{"key":"2026061310224141360_j_rjim-2026-0005_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HOCHHAUS A, SAGLIO G, HUGHES TP, et al. Long-term benefits and risks of frontline nilotinib vs imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 5-year update of the randomized ENESTnd trial. Leukemia 2016;30:1044\u201354.","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2016.5"}],"container-title":["Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/rjim-2026-0005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:23:11Z","timestamp":1781346191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/rjim-2026-0005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/rjim-2026-0005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/rjim-2026-0005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2501-062X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2501-062X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]}}}