{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:00:22Z","timestamp":1792738822760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]],"date-time":"2012-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although Giardia duodenalis is considered a parasite of mammals, different genotypes have been identified as infecting several species of freshwater and marine fish in Australia. Establishment of G. duodenalis infection in common laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio), could provide an excellent tool for a range of studies on Giardia. We conducted preliminary experiments to investigate this possibility. Zebrafish were inoculated with viable G. duodenalis cysts from two different Assemblages (A and D) using a modified oro-gastric tube. Direct microscopy and immunofluorescent antibody test were used to check for Giardia cysts\/trophozoites in the intestine, and histology was performed on intestinal mucosa to evaluate possible pathological changes. Giardia cysts were successfully deposited in the zebrafish alimentary tract using a modified oro-gastric tube, and were maintained in the fish gut for at least 8 days. Although a single trophozoite was observed in one fish three days post-exposure, we were unable to demonstrate established, propagative infection under the conditions tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-012-0001-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,24]],"date-time":"2012-02-24T02:26:41Z","timestamp":1330050401000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preliminary experiments on use of zebrafish as a laboratory model for Giardia duodenalis infection"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Kristoffer","family":"Tysnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trygve","family":"Poppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Midtlyng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.08.001.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2010.08.001","article-title":"Infectivity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages A and E for the gerbil and axenisation of duodenal trophozoites","author":"Benere","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009005897.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182009005897","article-title":"Echinococcus Giardia and Cryptosporidium : observational studies challenging accepted dogma","volume":"11","author":"Thompson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref81","first-page":"95","article-title":"Production of viable Giardia cysts in vitro : determination by fluorogenic dye staining excystation and animal infectivity in the mouse and Mongolian gerbil","volume":"9","author":"Schupp","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.02.015.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.02.015","article-title":"The identification of a new Giardia duodenalis assemblage in marine vertebrates and a preliminary analysis of duodenalis population biology in marine systems for","volume":"5","author":"Lasek","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal Parasitology"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.12.001.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.12.001","article-title":"Identification of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in fish for","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal Parasitology"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.11.006.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2008.11.006","article-title":"Variation in Giardia : towards a taxonomic revision of the genus in","volume":"7","author":"Monis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.09.026.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.09.026","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular typing of Giardia spp in captive mammals at the zoo of Zagreb Croatia","author":"Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000558.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000558","article-title":"der network and partners Identification of zoonotic genotypes of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"10","author":"Sprong","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"1000","article-title":"Host - 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