{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:08:07Z","timestamp":1781305687534,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amoebiasis is one of the most important infectious diseases afflicting mainly tropical and subtropical countries. This study was carried out in the Sharjah Emirate, UAE in order to accurately detect and differentiate Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and E. moshkovskii in fecal samples collected from the Sharjah municipality public health clinic by ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred and twenty specimens were examined and the PCR was positive for E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii (collectively referred to as Entamoeba complex) in 19.2% (23 out of 120). Of those, 10% (12\/120) were mono \u2014 infection with E. histolytica; 2.5% (3\/120) with E. dispar; and 2.5% (3\/120) E. moshkovskii. The nested PCR also detected mixed infections by both E. histolytica and E. dispar in 3.3% (4\/120) and E. dispar and E. moshkovskii in 0.8% (1\/120). The TechLab ELISA kit failed to detect E. histolytica in any of the E. histolytica PCR positive samples. Overall, the percentage of E. histolytica including those found in mixed infections was 13.3% (16\/120). Compared to nested PCR, microscopy was found to have an overall sensitivity of 52.2% and a specificity of 75.2% for detection of Entamoeba complex. The present study indicates that E. histolytica is present in the UAE with an average incidence rate of 13.3%. However, larger studies need to be conducted in order to confirm these findings. We propose the use of PCR in both the routine diagnosis of amoebiasis and epidemiological survey in the UAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-013-0128-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,10]],"date-time":"2013-05-10T07:13:26Z","timestamp":1368170006000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii in fecal samples by nested PCR in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"ElBakri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amidou","family":"Samie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinda","family":"Ezzedine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raed","family":"Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4745-4750.2003.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.41.10.4745-4750.2003","article-title":"Longitudinal study of intestinal Entamoeba histolytica infections in asymptomatic adult carriers","volume":"7","author":"Blessmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.4.1019-1021.1995","article-title":"Evaluation of lacto - phenol cotton blue for wet mount preparation of feces","volume":"26","author":"Parija","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00530-06.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00530-06","article-title":"Comparison of a stool antigen detection kit and PCR for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infections in asymptomatic cyst passers in Iran","volume":"30","author":"Solaymani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"143","article-title":"Detection of Entamoeba histolytica \/ dispar in stool specimens by using enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay in the population of Jeddah City , Saudi Arabia of","volume":"5","author":"Barnawi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"397","article-title":"Diagnostic methods for differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in carriers : performance and clinical implications in a non - endemic setting http dx doi org","volume":"33","author":"Visser","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis414.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jis414","article-title":"Entamoeba moshkovskii is associated with diarhea in infants and causes diarhea and colitis in mice","volume":"29","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-47.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2180-7-47","article-title":"A novel nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction PCR assay for differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica moshkovskii and E dispar DNA in stool samples","volume":"19","author":"Khairnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Microbiology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.05.004.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.05.004","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of amebiasis and","volume":"3","author":"Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infectious Genetics Evolution"},{"key":"ref271","first-page":"1453","article-title":"Amebiasis http dx doi org","volume":"28","author":"Ravdin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.123","article-title":"Amebic infections due to the Entamoeba histolytica - Entamoeba dispar complex : a study of the incidence in a remote rural area of Ecuador","volume":"10","author":"Gatti","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"157","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica : sequence conservation of the Gal \/ galNAc lectin from clinical isolates http dx doi org","volume":"6","author":"Beck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitolology"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.9.2405-2407.1997","article-title":"Comparison of use of enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay - based kits and PCR amplification of rRNA genes for simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica and E dispar","volume":"21","author":"Mirelmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.293","article-title":"Multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar DNA from stool samples","volume":"23","author":"Nunez","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref01","first-page":"573","article-title":"The diagnostic implications of the separation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar http dx doi org","volume":"1","author":"Ackers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biosciences"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"80","article-title":"Diagnostic certainty in intestinal amebiasis in Managua","volume":"20","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Revista Cubana Medicina Tropical"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"292","article-title":"Entamoeba moshkovskii and Entamoeba dispar - associated infections in pondicherry , India of","volume":"25","author":"Parija","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal Health Population Nutrition"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.4.713-729.2003.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.16.4.713-729.2003","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis","volume":"32","author":"Tanyuksel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00152-10.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00152-10","article-title":"Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis by detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA in blood , urine , and saliva by a real - time PCR assay","volume":"15","author":"Haque","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.10.2558-2561.1995","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits","volume":"17","author":"Haque","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"35","article-title":"Molecular methods for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in a clinical setting : an overview http dx doi org","volume":"27","author":"Paul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitolology"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.449-452.1998","article-title":"Comparison of PCR , isoenzyme analysis , and antigen detection for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection","volume":"13","author":"Haque","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"228","article-title":"Problems in recognition and diagnosis of amebiasis : estimation of the global magnitude of morbidity and mortality http dx doi org","volume":"35","author":"Walsh","year":"1986","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12607012373759.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1179\/136485910X12607012373759","article-title":"Application of real - time PCR for the differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and E dispar in cystpositive faecal samples from immigrants living in Spain","volume":"12","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.398","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of acute diarrhea with emphasis on Entamoeba histolytica infections in preschool children in an urban slum of Dhaka , Bangladesh","volume":"16","author":"Haque","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01236.x.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01236.x","article-title":"Short communication : Misleading microscopy in amoebiasis Tropical and","volume":"18","author":"Kebede","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine International Health"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.3.734.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/175.3.734","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"Haque","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02261-07.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02261-07","article-title":"Comparison of stool antigen detection kits to PCR for diagnosis of amebiasis","volume":"31","author":"Stark","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.03.005.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.03.005","article-title":"The immunopathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"22","author":"Mortimer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"386","article-title":"Enteroparasitic occurrence in stools from residents in Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia before and during Umrah season","volume":"2","author":"Al","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.237-241.2003.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.41.1.237-241.2003","article-title":"Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar isolates in clinical samples by PCR and enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"11","author":"Gonin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00004-07.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00004-07","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species","volume":"9","author":"Fotedar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0905.020548.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3201\/eid0905.020548","article-title":"Entamoeba moshkovskii infections in children , Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Ali","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["Acta Parasitologica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.2478\/s11686-013-0128-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.2478\/s11686-013-0128-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.2478\/s11686-013-0128-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T05:21:01Z","timestamp":1614835261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.2478\/s11686-013-0128-8\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11686-013-0128-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1896-1851","1230-2821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1896-1851","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1230-2821","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]]}}}