{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:32:35Z","timestamp":1790371955813,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ornamental fish, Xiphophorus maculatus, were imported from Singapore to Denmark for distribution to local aquarists. Importers observed lethargic and erratic swimming patterns among fish and forwarded a total of 30 fish for pathological examination to a university diagnostic service. All fish were diagnosed infected with encysted Centrocestus sp. metacercariae in gills (prevalence of 100% and mean intensity of 454.5 \u00b1 161.9 parasites per fish). Metacercariae were identified by morphological and molecular methods. Cysts (mean length 163.3 \u00b1 13.7 \u03bcm and mean width 113.3 \u00b1 10.6 \u03bcm) contained a bent metacercaria with an X-shaped excretory bladder. PCR amplification of a rDNA region (5.8S rRNA gene, ITS-2, 28S rRNA gene) and subsequent sequencing confirmed the diagnosis. Metacercariae were found in gill filaments adjacent to the cartilage associated with cartilage hypertrophy, epithelial and mucous cell hyperplasia, clubbing and lamellar fusion. Host cell encapsulation of cysts comprised several layers of leucocytes, chondroblast-like and fibroblast-like cells. The observations raise concerns with regard to veterinary inspection and quarantine procedures. The zoonotic potential of these trematodes and a possible spread of the parasites in natural habitats in Europe should be regarded as a public health issue. So far, several cases of human infections have been reported only in Asia, but the potential intermediate host snail, Melanoides tuberculata, has been recorded in Germany. Accordingly, establishment of the parasite in Europe with climate changes should be considered a risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-014-0237-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]],"date-time":"2014-05-14T04:51:46Z","timestamp":1400043106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Import of exotic and zoonotic trematodes (Heterophyidae: Centrocestus sp.) in Xiphophorus maculatus: Implications for ornamental fish import control in Europe"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Foojan","family":"Mehrdana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Kania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Buchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref101","first-page":"285","article-title":"The metacercaria and adult of Centrocestus formosanus with notes on the natural infection of rats and cats with C armatus The http dx doi org","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"1942","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1577\/FT03-178.1.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1577\/FT03-178.1","article-title":"b Temperature tolerance of redrim melania Melanoides tuberculatus an exotic aquatic snail established in the United States of","volume":"40","author":"Mitchell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transactions the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"217","article-title":"Increasing frequency of cercarial dermatitis at higher latitudes","volume":"33","author":"Larsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"51","article-title":"Parasitic diseases of freshwater ornamental fishes commercialized in Florian\u00f3polis Santa Catarina Brazil do S\u0103o Paulo","volume":"44","author":"Piazza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Boletim Instituto de Pesca"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(02)00008-9.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S1383-5769(02)00008-9","article-title":"Food - 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