{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:11:30Z","timestamp":1767967890656,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The free-living amoebae (FLA) may live in the environment and also within other organisms as parasites and then they are called amphizoic. They are potentially pathogenic for humans and animals and are found in water that is a source of infection. The aim of this study was molecular detection and identification of these FLA in natural water bodies in North-Western Poland to evaluate the risk of the pathogenic amoebae infections. We examined surface water samples collected from 50 sites and first, the tolerance thermic test was performed in order to select thermophilic, potentially pathogenic strains. For molecular identification of FLA, regions of 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA and intergenic spacers were amplified. Acanthamoeba T4 and T16 genotypes of 18S rDNA gene and 18S rDNA of H. vermiformis were detected. We identified two variants of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype, two variants of Acanthamoeba T16 genotype and one variant of H. vermiformis. Identification of the T16 genotype and H. vermiformis in water was for the first time in Poland. Additionally, we made attempts to adapt the RLB method for detection and differentiation of FLA species and strains. PCR seems to be more sensitive than RLB hybridization, though.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-014-0266-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,14]],"date-time":"2014-08-14T03:23:03Z","timestamp":1407986583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Thermophilic potentially pathogenic amoebae isolated from natural water bodies in Poland and their molecular characterization"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Adamska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Leonska-Duniec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Lanocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bogumila","family":"Skotarczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1903-1911.2001.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.39.5.1903-1911.2001","article-title":"Use of subgenic ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of Acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge of","volume":"32","author":"Schroeder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"271","article-title":"The occurrence Acanthamoeba ( free living amoeba ) in environmental and respiratory samples in Poland","volume":"27","author":"Lanocha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Protozoologica"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00023.x.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00023.x","article-title":"Acanthamoeba : biology and increasing importance in human health","volume":"20","author":"Khan","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"183","article-title":"Methods for parasitic protozoa detection in the environmental samples http dx doi org","volume":"35","author":"Skotarczak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2007.00292.x.","article-title":"Amoeba at attention : phylogenetic affinity of Sappinia pedata of","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"498","article-title":"Subgenus systematics of Acanthamoeba : four nuclear rDNA sequence types of http dx doi org","volume":"13","author":"Gast","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal Eukaryotic Microbiology"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-108-1-33.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1099\/00221287-108-1-33","article-title":"Variations in the properties and morphology of cysts of Acanthamoeba castellanii of","volume":"37","author":"Stratford","year":"1978","journal-title":"Journal General Microbiology"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6619","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01136-09.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01136-09","article-title":"Identification of particle size classes inhibiting protozoan recovery from surface water samples via Environmental Protection Agency Method and","volume":"22","author":"Krometis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Applied Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-6.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-5-6","article-title":"Biology and pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba and Vectors","volume":"34","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1621-1625.2002.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1621-1625.2002","article-title":"ribosomal DNA typing and tracking of Acanthamoeba species isolates from corneal scrape specimens , contact lenses , lens cases , and home water supplies of Acanthamoeba keratitis patients in Hong Kong of","volume":"2","author":"Booton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-1052-x.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-003-1052-x","article-title":"The identification of free - 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