{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:27:54Z","timestamp":1793204874721,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing based genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii Indian isolates (Izatnagar and Chennai isolates and Chennai clone) vis-a vis RH-IVRI strain was conducted by targeting GRA6 as genetic marker. The 791 bp GRA6 product was PCR amplified from the genomic DNA of different T. gondii Indian isolates, including the RH-IVRI strain. Tru1I restriction endonuclease based PCR-RFLP of GRA6 sequence produced polymorphic digestion pattern that discriminated the virulent RH-IVRI strain (as type I) from the moderately virulent local isolates as type III. The PCR amplicon of T. gondii GRA6 from RH-IVRI strain as well as from the local isolates were cloned in cloning vector and custom sequenced. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of T. gondii isolates were aligned with that of the type I, II and III strains (RH, BEVERLEY, ME49, C56, TONT and NED) available in public domain and analyzed in silico using MEGA version 4.0 software. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GRA6 marker from the Indian isolates revealed a close genetic relationship with type III strains of T. gondii. Further, detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at positions 162 and 171 of the GRA6 marker, established the lineage of Indian isolates as type III. This is the first report on characterization of T. gondii lineage as type III in selective chicken population of India based on PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of GRA6 gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-014-0288-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,19]],"date-time":"2014-09-19T00:25:25Z","timestamp":1411086325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens in India by GRA6 gene sequence analysis"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Shantaveer","family":"Biradar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buddhi","family":"Saravanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anup","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirukandoth","family":"Sreekumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthu","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naduvanahalli","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.01.005.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.01.005","article-title":"Genetic analyses of atypical Toxoplasma gondii strains reveal a fourth clonal lineage in North America of","volume":"26","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal Parasitology"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm092.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msm092","article-title":"MEGA : Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis ( MEGA ) software version and","volume":"50","author":"Tamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Evolution"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.68.1105.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.68.1105","article-title":"Genetic characterization of GRA genes from Toxoplasma gondii from pigs in Okinawa Japan of Medical http dx doi org","volume":"54","author":"Zakimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal Veterinary Science"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.2.105.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.2.105","article-title":"Genotyping of a Korean isolate of Toxoplasma gondii by multilocus PCR - 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