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They may participate in spreading of many pathogenic agents, but still there is limited information about their possible reservoir or vector role for protozoans. The main aim of this study was an attempt of detection zoonotic pathogens, such as <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in fleas <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis felis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides canis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In 2013\u20132017, 155 fleas were captured from domestic dogs and cats in veterinary clinics, animal shelters and pet grooming salons in Upper Silesia Region in Poland. Then, the DNA was extracted from each <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides<\/jats:italic> flea by using the ammonia method. Samples were screened for the presence of <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> using PCR and nested PCR methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> was reported in 6.6% of <jats:italic>C. felis felis<\/jats:italic> and 9.1% of <jats:italic>C. canis<\/jats:italic>, whereas the prevalence of coinfection with <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> was 1.9% in cat fleas and 2.3% in dog fleas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study shows the first cases of <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> occurrence and <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> coinfection in <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides<\/jats:italic> fleas. The estimation of prevalence of examined protozoans may be useful considering the possibility of infection among companion animals, as well as during presentation of the potential risk of infection in humans. In order to clarify the role of <jats:italic>C. felis felis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. canis<\/jats:italic> in transmission of <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>, the another studies with in vitro cultures and laboratory animals are needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-020-00221-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T09:02:59Z","timestamp":1590656579000},"page":"817-822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Discovery of Zoonotic Protozoans in Fleas Parasitizing on Pets as a Potential Infection Threat"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Pawe\u0142czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8832-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Asman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7302-6541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Solarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2000.00151.x","volume":"11","author":"GA Kunkle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kunkle GA, Jones LJ, Petty P (2000) Immediate intradermal flea antigen reactivity in clinically normal adult dogs from south Florida, USA. 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