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Abnormally large and indiscriminative cortical responses to sensory stimuli may reflect cortical inhibitory deficits and a disruption in the excitation\/inhibition ratio. Low-frequency (\u2264 1HZ) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to increase inhibition of stimulated cortex by the activation of inhibitory circuits. It was our prediction that after 12 sessions of low-frequency rTMS applied bilaterally to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices in individuals with ASD there would be a significant improvement in ERP indices of selective attention evoked at later (i.e., 200\u2013600 ms) stages of attentional processing as well as an improvement in motor response error rate. We assessed 25 participants with ASD in a task of selective attention using illusory figures before and after 12 sessions of rTMS in a controlled design where a waiting-list group of 20 children with ASD performed the same task twice. We found a significant improvement in both N200 and P300 components as a result of rTMS as well as a significant reduction in response errors. We also found significant reductions in both repetitive behavior and irritability according to clinical behavioral questionnaires as a result of rTMS. We propose that rTMS has the potential to become an important therapeutic tool in ASD research and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/s13380-012-0022-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T05:44:56Z","timestamp":1338443096000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Repetitive transcanial magnetic stimulation (RTMS) modulates event-related potential (ERP) indices of attention in autism"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Casanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Baruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"El-Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Tasman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonnie","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estate","family":"Sokhadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV TR), 4th ed., American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, 2000"},{"key":"22_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mppsy.2008.05.015","volume":"7","author":"T. 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