{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:25:15Z","timestamp":1787149515203,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual abuse (SA) is known for its effects on brain structures in adolescents. We aimed to explore if SA has any effect on limbic and prefrontal cortex (PFC) structures. We hypothesized that children with SA would have a thinner PFC with larger amygdala and hippocampus that lead to aberrations in threat detection, orientation and response circuit; that would be highly adaptive in a dangerous environment in the short term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 57 SA and 33 healthy control (HC) female participants. In addition to psychiatric evaluation, we acquired 3 T MR images from all participants. We compared prefrontal cortical thicknesses, hippocampus and amygdala volumes between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The age and education levels of study groups were matched, however, IQ scores and socioeconomic status (SES) scores of the SA group were lower than the controls. Total CTQ scores of the SA group were higher than the HC. Nevertheless, the mean value of sexual abuse scores was above the cut-off scores only for the SA participants. SA participants had larger right and left hippocampus and right amygdala volumes than the controls. SA group had reduced inferior frontal gyrus cortical thickness (T=3.5, p&lt;0.01, cluster size=694 mm2, x=51 y=-30 z=6) than HC group. None of the structural findings were correlated with total or sexual abuse CTQ scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with SA history has structural abnormalities in threat detection, orientation and response circuit. SA victims with no psychiatric diagnosis have a high probability of psychiatric problems with a possible contribution of these aberrations. SA cases that do not have a diagnosis must not be overlooked as they may have structural changes in emotion related brain regions. Careful follow-up is needed for all of all SA cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/sjcapp-2023-0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T08:34:52Z","timestamp":1690274092000},"page":"87-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of sexual abuse on female adolescent brain structures"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7665-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melek Hande Bulut","family":"Demir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Izmir S.B.U. Dr. Behcet Uz Training and Research Hospital of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahime","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kutahya Health Sciences University , Kutahya , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozgun","family":"Ozalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Ume\u00e5 University , Ume\u00e5 , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damla Isman","family":"Haznedaroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yigit","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Kitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0032-7025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tezan","family":"Bildik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3522-1359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Saffet","family":"Gonul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Mercer University , Macon , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5496-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Cagdas","family":"Eker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SoCAT Lab Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Ege University , Izmir , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081913161243975_j_sjcapp-2023-0009_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. 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