{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:17:31Z","timestamp":1788247051889,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that increases fracture risk, particularly among older adults, and imposes a substantial global burden. Despite advances in risk assessment and treatment, a large treatment gap remains, with many high-risk individuals not receiving care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of English-language studies published up to April 2025, identified through searches in multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Europe PMC). 43 studies were included. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs and treatment gap definitions, a narrative thematic synthesis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reported treatment gap estimates varied widely (38.8\u201394.6%) across countries and study populations. Lower treatment rates were associated with patient factors (male sex, lower socio-economic status, comorbidities) and healthcare system factors (limited physician awareness, institutional barriers, poor interprofessional communication). Higher treatment rates were associated with older age, family history of osteoporosis, prior diagnosis or bone mineral density testing, and participation in structured care programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substantial global treatment gaps in osteoporosis care persist, particularly following fragility fractures. These gaps arise from multiple patient, physician, and system-level factors, with persistent disparities by sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and socio-economic status. Findings highlight the need for standardised definitions of the treatment gap and suggest areas for future research and intervention development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2478\/sjph-2026-0022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:57:25Z","timestamp":1788245845000},"page":"184-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteoporosis Treatment Gap \u2014 A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3195-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaja","family":"Gril Rogina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health - Regional Unit Maribor , Ljubljanska ulica 4 , Maribor , Slovenia"},{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine , Vrazov trg 2 , Ljubljana , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7087-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Petravi\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine , Vrazov trg 2 , Ljubljana , Slovenia"},{"name":"University Medical Center Maribor , Ljubljanska ulica 5 , Maribor , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4591-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Oikonomidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health - Regional Unit Maribor , Ljubljanska ulica 4 , Maribor , Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Norton N, Harvey NC, Jacobson T, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, et al. SCOPE 2021: A new scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos. 2021 Dec;16(1):82. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-020-00871-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00871-9"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_002","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Fragility fractures [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/fragility-fractures"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kates SL, Miclau T. The fracture liaison service: Its history, current state, how it works, and future directions. OTA International. 2022 Jun;5(3S):e192. doi: 10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000192.","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000192"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayub N, Faraj M, Ghatan S, Reijers JAA, Napoli N, Oei L. The treatment gap in osteoporosis. J Clin Med. 2021 Jul 5;10(13):3002. doi: 10.3390\/jcm10133002.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10133002"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giangregorio L, Papaioannou A, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Adachi JD. Fragility fractures and the osteoporosis care gap: An international phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Apr;35(5):293\u2013305. doi: 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.11.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.11.001"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhry NK, Winkelmayer WC. Medication adherence after myocardial infarction: A long way left to go. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Feb;23(2):216\u20138. doi: 10.1007\/s11606-007-0478-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0478-8"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n71. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.n71.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_008","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Research. PROSPERO [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_009","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine. PubMed [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_010","unstructured":"Scopus. Scopus preview [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/www.scopus.com"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_011","unstructured":"Clarivate. Web of Science [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/clarivate.com\/webofscience"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_012","unstructured":"ScienceDirect: Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_013","unstructured":"Europe PMC. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/europepmc.org"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_014","unstructured":"Systematic Review Accelerator. SR-Accelerator [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/sr-accelerator.com"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_015","unstructured":"Systematic Review Accelerator: Deduplicator tool. SR-Accelerator [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/sr-accelerator.com\/#\/deduplicator"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_016","unstructured":"Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Excel, spreadsheet software [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/microsoft-365\/excel"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_017","unstructured":"Ottawa Health Research Institute. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_018","unstructured":"Ottawa Health Research Institute. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/repository.up.ac.za\/bitstream\/handle\/2263\/84405\/Nyawo_SystematicSuppl1_2022.pdf?sequence=2"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_019","unstructured":"CASP. Critical appraisal checklists [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Apr 22]. Available at: https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\/"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bliuc D, Tran T, Chen W, Alarkawi D, Alajlouni DA, Blyth F, et al. The association between multimorbidity and osteoporosis investigation and treatment in high-risk fracture patients in Australia: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2023 Jan;20(1):e1004142. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004142.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004142"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheah MH, Lai PSM, Khor HM, Ratnasingam J, Chandrasekaran CSK, Singh S, et al. Fragility fracture care gap at a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Arch Osteoporos. 2023 May;18(1):63. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-023-01256-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-023-01256-4"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fujii T, Mori T, Komiyama J, Kuroda N, Tamiya N. Factors associated with non-initiation of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy after hip fracture: Analysis of claims data in Japan. Arch Osteoporos. 2023 Jul;18(1); doi: 10.1007\/s11657-023-01314-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-023-01314-x"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahaisavariya C, Vanitcharoenkul E, Kitcharanant N, Chotiyarnwong P, Unnanuntana A. Exploring the osteoporosis treatment gap after fragility hip fracture at a Tertiary University Medical Center in Thailand. BMC Geriatr. 2023 Feb 3;23(1):70. doi:10.1186\/s12877-023-03778-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-03778-5"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoit G, Whelan D, Atrey A, Ravi B, Ryan G, Bogoch E, et al. Association of age, sex and race with prescription of anti-osteoporosis medications following low-energy hip fracture in a retrospective registry cohort. PLoS One. 2022 Dec 1;17(12):e0278368. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0278368.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278368"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Y, Chen C, Chang C, Li C, Wang R, Sun Z, et al. Association between outpatient visits and initiating medication among elderly patients after an osteoporotic vertebral fracture. J Clin Med. 2022 Sep;11(17):5035. doi:10.3390\/jcm11175035.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175035"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakatoh S, Fujimori K, Ishii S, Tamaki J, Okimoto N, Ogawa S, et al. Insufficient increase in bone mineral density testing rates and pharmacotherapy after hip and vertebral fracture: Analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. Arch Osteoporos. 2021 Dec;16(1); doi:10.1007\/s11657-021-00992-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00992-9"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skj\u00f8dt M, Ernst M, Khalid S, Libanati C, Cooper C, Delmestri A, et al.. The treatment gap after major osteoporotic fractures in Denmark 2005\u20132014: A combined analysis including both prescription-based and hospital-administered anti-osteoporosis medications. 2021 Oct;32(10). doi: 10.1007\/s00198-021-05890-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05890-x"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh ME, Nerdrum M, Fahey T, Moriarty F. Factors associated with initiation of bone-health medication among older adults in primary care in Ireland. Age Ageing. 2021 Sep;50(5):1539-1546. doi:10.1093\/ageing\/afab033.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afab033"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iconaru L, Smeys C, Baleanu F, Kinnard V, Moreau M, Cappelle S, et al. Osteoporosis treatment gap in a prospective cohort of volunteer women. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Jul;31(7):1535-1543. doi:10.1007\/s00198-020-05339-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05339-7"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skjodt M, Khalid S, Ernst M, Rubin K, Martinez-Laguna D, Delmestri A, et al. Secular trends in the initiation of therapy in secondary fracture prevention in Europe: A multi-national cohort study including data from Denmark, Catalonia, and the United Kingdom. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Aug;31(8):1535\u20131544. doi:10.1007\/s00198-020-05358-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05358-4"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bougioukli S, Kollia P, Koromila T, Varitimidis S, Hantes M, Karachalios T, et al. Failure in diagnosis and under-treatment of osteoporosis in elderly patients with fragility fractures. J Bone Miner Metab. 2019 Mar;37(2):327\u2013335. doi: 10.1007\/s00774-018-0923-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-018-0923-2"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gani L, Reddy SK, Alsuwaigh R, Khoo J, King TFJ. High prevalence of missed opportunities for secondary fracture prevention in a regional general hospital setting in Singapore. Arch Osteoporos. 2017 Dec;12(1):60. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-017-0356-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0356-x"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keshishian A, Boytsov N, Burge R, Krohn K, Lombard L, Zhang X, et al. Examining the treatment gap and risk of subsequent fractures among females with a fragility fracture in the US Medicare population. Osteoporos Int. 2017 Aug;28(8):2361\u20132369. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-017-4072-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4072-6"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sattari M, Cauley J, Garvan C, Johnson K, LaMonte M, Li W, et al. Osteoporosis in the Women's Health Initiative: Another treatment gap? Am J Med. 2017 Aug;130(8):935\u2013942. doi: 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.02.042.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.02.042"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang CY, Fu SH, Yang RS, Shen LJ, Wu FLL, Hsiao FY. Age- and gender-specific epidemiology, treatment patterns, and economic burden of osteoporosis and associated fracture in Taiwan between 2009 and 2013. Arch Osteoporos. 2017 Oct;12(1):35. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-017-0385-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0385-5"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yusuf AA, Matlon TJ, Grauer A, Barron R, Chandler D, Peng Y. Utilization of osteoporosis medication after a fragility fracture among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Arch Osteoporos. 2016 Dec;11(1):25. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-016-0285-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0285-0"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roux S, Beaulieu M, Beaulieu MC, Cabana F, Boire G. Priming primary care physicians to treat osteoporosis after a fragility fracture: An integrated multidisciplinary approach. J Rheumatol. 2013 May;40(5):751\u2013759. doi: 10.3899\/jrheum.120908.","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120908"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siris E, Modi A, Tang J, Sen S. Substantial under-treatment among women diagnosed with osteoporosis in a US managed-care population: A retrospective analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2013 Jan;30(1):97\u2013104. doi: 10.1185\/03007995.2013.851074.","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.851074"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leslie W, Brennan S, Prior H, Lix L, Metge C, Elias B. The post-fracture care gap among Canadian First Nations peoples: A retrospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Mar;23(3):985\u2013991. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-011-1880-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1880-y"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leslie W, Giangregorio L, Yogendran M, Azimaee M, Morin S, Metge C, et al. A population-based analysis of the post-fracture care gap 1996\u20132008: The situation is not improving. Osteoporos Int. 2011 May;23(5):771\u2013779. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-011-1630-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1630-1"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bessette L, Jean S, Davison K, Roy S, Ste-Marie L, Brown J. Factors influencing the treatment of osteoporosis following fragility fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2009 Nov;20(11):1873\u20131880. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-009-0898-x.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0898-x"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haaland DA, Cohen DR, Kennedy CC, Khalidi NA, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A. Closing the osteoporosis care gap: Increased osteoporosis awareness among geriatrics and rehabilitation teams. BMC Geriatr. 2009 Jul;9:28. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2318-9-28.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-9-28"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papaioannou A, Kennedy C, Ioannidis G, Gao Y, Sawka A, Goltzman D, et al. The osteoporosis care gap in men with fragility fractures: The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int. 2008 Apr;19(4):425\u2013430. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-007-0483-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0483-0"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Gadallah N, Mahran S, Fathi N, Abu Zaid MH, et al. Osteoporosis treatment gap in patients at risk of fracture in Egypt: A multi-center, cross-sectional observational study. Arch Osteoporos. 2023 May;18(1):26. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-023-01252-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-023-01252-8"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Laguna D, Carbonell C, Bastida JC, Gonz\u00e1lez M, Mic\u00f3-P\u00e9rez RM, Vargas F, et al. Prevalence and treatment of fragility fractures in Spanish primary care: PREFRAOS study. Arch Osteoporos. 2022 Jul;17(1):93. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-022-01124-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-022-01124-7"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yavropoulou MP, Makras P, Athanasakis K, Bournia VK, Mathioudakis K, Tsolakidis A, et al. Prevalence and patterns of anti-osteoporotic drug use based on 2019 real-world nationwide data in Greece. Arch Osteoporos. 2022 Jun;17(1):94. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-022-01126-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-022-01126-5"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malle O, Borgstr\u00f6m F, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Svedbom A, Dimai SV, Dimai HP. Mind the gap: Incidence of osteoporosis treatment after an osteoporotic fracture \u2013 results of the Austrian branch of the International Costs and Utilities Related to Osteoporotic Fractures Study (ICUROS). Bone. 2021 Jan 1;142:115539. doi: 10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115071.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115071"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCloskey E, Rathi J, Heijmans S, Blagden M, Cortet B, Czerwi\u0144ski E, et al. The osteoporosis treatment gap in patients at risk of fracture in European primary care: A multi-country cross-sectional observational study. Osteoporos Int. 2021 Feb;32(2):251-259. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-020-05557-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05557-z"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roh Y, Lee E, Ahn J, Kim H, Gong H, Baek K, et al. Factors affecting willingness to get assessed and treated for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2019 Jul;30(7):1373\u20131379. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-019-04952-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-04952-5"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Velde R, Wyers C, Teesselink E, Geusens P, van den Bergh J, de Vries F, et al. Trends in oral anti-osteoporosis drug prescription in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2012: Variation by age, sex, geographic location and ethnicity. Bone. 2017 Jan;94:54\u201360. doi: 10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.013"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunningham TD, Di Pace BS, Ullal J. Osteoporosis treatment disparities: A 6-year aggregate analysis from national survey data. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(9):2119\u20132125. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-014-2747-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2747-9"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtis JR, McClure LA, Delzell E, Howard VJ, Orwoll E, Saag KG, et al. Population-based fracture risk assessment and osteoporosis treatment disparities by race and gender. J Gen Intern Med. 2009;24(8):942\u2013947. doi: 10.1007\/s11606-009-1031-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-009-1031-8"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton DW, Griffin DC, Carmouche JJ. Orthopedic surgeons' views on the osteoporosis care gap and potential solutions: Survey results. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019 Mar;14(1):110. doi: 10.1186\/s13018-019-1103-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1103-3"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beshyah SA, Al-Saleh Y, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Management of osteoporosis in the Middle East and North Africa: A survey of physicians' perceptions and practices. Arch Osteoporos. 2019 Jun;14(1):38. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-019-0609-y.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0609-y"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dewan N, MacDermid JC, MacIntyre NJ, Grewal R. Therapist's practice patterns for subsequent fall\/osteoporotic fracture prevention for patients with a distal radius fracture. J Hand Ther. 2019 Oct 1;32(4):665\u2013672. doi: 10.1016\/j.jht.2018.03.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2018.03.001"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendis A, Ganda K, Seibel M. Barriers to secondary fracture prevention in primary care. Osteoporos Int. 2017 Oct;28(10):2707\u20132714. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-017-4131-z.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4131-z"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duyvendak M, Naunton M, van Roon E, Brouwers JRBJ. Doctors' beliefs and knowledge on corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: Identifying barriers to improve prevention. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011 Jun;36(3):423\u2013430. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2010.01185.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2010.01185.x"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldstein AC, Nichols G, Orwoll E, Elmer PJ, Smith DH, Herson M, et al. The near absence of osteoporosis treatment in older men with fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Aug;16(8):949\u2013955. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-005-1950-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1950-0"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett MJ, Center JR, Perry L. Exploring barriers and opportunities to improve osteoporosis care across the acute-to-primary care interface: A qualitative study. Osteoporos Int. 2023;34(7):1459\u20131467. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-023-06748-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06748-0"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papaioannou A, McCloskey E, Bell A, Ngui D, Mehan U, Tan M, et al. Use of an electronic medical record dashboard to identify gaps in osteoporosis care. Arch Osteoporos. 2021;16(1):49. doi: 10.1007\/s11657-021-00919-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00919-4"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leslie W, Edwards B, Al-Azazi S, Yan L, Lix L, Czaykowski P, et al. Cancer patients with fractures are rarely assessed or treated for osteoporosis: A population-based study. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Feb;32(2):329\u2013336. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-020-05596-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05596-6"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheung M, Ho A, Wong S. Post-fracture care gap: A retrospective population-based analysis of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2012. Hong Kong Med J. 2018 Dec;24(6):553\u2013561. doi: 10.12809\/hkmj187227.","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj187227"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang M, Seibel MJ. Secondary fracture prevention in primary care: A narrative review. Osteoporos Int. 2024 Aug;35(8):1359\u20131376. doi: 10.1007\/s00198-024-07036-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-024-07036-1"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giangregorio L, Papaioannou A, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Adachi JD. Fragility fractures and the osteoporosis care gap: An international phenomenon. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Apr;35(5):293\u2013305. doi: 10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.11.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2005.11.001"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little EA, Eccles MP. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to improve post-fracture investigation and management of patients at risk of osteoporosis. Implement Sci. 2010 Dec;5(1):80. doi: 10.1186\/1748-5908-5-80.","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-80"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vescini F, Chiodini I, Falchetti A, Palermo A, Salcuni AS, Bonadonna S, et al. Management of osteoporosis in men: A narrative review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Dec 20;22(24):13640. doi: 10.3390\/ijms222413640.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413640"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phelan JC, Link BG, Tehranifar P. Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. J Health Soc Behav. 2010 Mar;51(1_suppl):S28\u2013S40. doi: 10.1177\/0022146510383498.","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383498"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Job C, Adenipekun B, Cleves A, Gill P, Samuriwo R. Health professionals' implicit bias of patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) and its effects on clinical decision-making: A scoping review. BMJ Open. 2024 Jul;14(7):e081723. doi: 10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081723.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081723"},{"key":"2026090106571705412_j_sjph-2026-0022_ref_069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160ter M, \u0160vab I, Petek D, \u017div\u010dec G. Adherence to osteoporosis treatment with once-monthly bisphosphonate. Zdr Varst. 2011;50(1): 45\u201354. doi: 10.2478\/v10152-010-0027-4.","DOI":"10.2478\/v10152-010-0027-4"}],"container-title":["Slovenian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/sjph-2026-0022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:57:36Z","timestamp":1788245856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/sjph-2026-0022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/sjph-2026-0022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/sjph-2026-0022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1854-2476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1854-2476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]}}}