{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:35:18Z","timestamp":1771493718255,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1-2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Application of Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Model METQ for Simulation of Daily Runoff and Water Level: The case of the Lake Burtnieks Watershed<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>In this study a conceptual rainfall-runoff METQ model\u2014the latest version METQ2007BDOPT\u2014was applied to simulate the daily runoff and water level of the Lake Burtnieks watershed from 1990 to 1999. The model structure and parameters were basically the same as in the METQ98, with some additional improvements and semi-automatical calibration performance. Model calibration was done for four rivers and one lake gauging station. The results of calibration showed a good correlation between the measured and simulated daily discharges. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> varied from 0.90 to 0.58 and correlation coefficient <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> from 0.95 to 0.83. The highest values of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.90 and <jats:italic>r =<\/jats:italic> 0.95 were obtained for the River Salaca and the lowest <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.53 and <jats:italic>r = 0.83<\/jats:italic> for Lake Burtnieks. We observed some relationships between the model parameter values and physiographic characteristic of the sub-catchments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/v10046-008-0002-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]],"date-time":"2008-08-15T01:37:42Z","timestamp":1218764262000},"page":"47-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Application of Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Model METQ for Simulation of Daily Runoff and Water Level: The case of the Lake Burtnieks Watershed"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Elga","family":"Aps\u012bte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ansis","family":"Z\u012bverts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anda","family":"Bakute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"ref221","first-page":"779","article-title":"Prediction uncertainty of conceptual rainfall - runoff models caused by problems in identifying model parameters and structure","volume":"44","author":"Uhlenbrook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci J"},{"key":"ref281","first-page":"9","article-title":"matem\u0101tisk\u0101 model\u0113\u0161ana Burtnieka un Lub\u0101na ezera sateces baseiniem modelling of the runoff for the Lake Burtnieks and Lake watersheds raksti in","author":"Z\u012bverts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mathematical"},{"key":"ref501","first-page":"157","article-title":"comparison of regionalisation methods for catchment model parameters","author":"Parajka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Earth Sci"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"539","article-title":"Estimation of the parameters of an isolated event conceptual model from physical catchment characteristics","volume":"34","author":"Hughes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sci J"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.1999.0006","article-title":"Mathematical model of hydrological processes its applications","volume":"30","author":"Ziverts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nordic Hydrology"},{"key":"ref591","first-page":"126","article-title":"Konceptu\u0101lais matem\u0101tiskais modelis ikdienas caurpl\u016bdumu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anai izmantojot meteorologiskos nov\u0113rojumus [ Conceptual mathematical model for the calculation 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in","author":"Tidri\u0137is","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"1","article-title":"Simulation of daily runoff and water level for the Lake InProceedings of the th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation Simulation in Wider Europe pp eds Riga","volume":"19","author":"Ziverts","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/02626669509491435","article-title":"Estimation of recharge and runoff volumes from ungauged catchments in eastern Australia","volume":"40","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hydrol Sci J"},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"243","article-title":"Krams Experiments of conceptual mathematical groundwater dynamics and runoff modelling in","volume":"24","author":"Ziverts","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.1991.0009","article-title":"Principles and confidence in hydrological 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in","author":"Tidri\u0137is","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"670","article-title":"Water protection project of The No","author":"Bilaletdin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environment"},{"key":"ref361","article-title":"and application of a conceptual runoff model for Scandinavian catchments Meteorologicaland Hydrological Institute Report No","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1976","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"333","article-title":"Comparison of four regionalisation methods for a distributed hydrological model","author":"G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol"},{"key":"ref411","first-page":"670","article-title":"Water protection project of The No","author":"Bilaletdin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environment"},{"key":"ref471","first-page":"539","article-title":"Estimation of the parameters of an isolated event conceptual model from physical catchment characteristics","volume":"34","author":"Hughes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Sci J"},{"key":"ref121","first-page":"333","article-title":"Comparison of four regionalisation methods for a distributed hydrological model","author":"G\u00f6tzinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"333","article-title":"Simulation Techniques in New York","author":"Fleming","year":"1975","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"174","article-title":"l\u012bdzenums un enciklop\u0113dija s\u0113j nams lpp in","author":"Zel\u010ds","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"111","article-title":"Morphology Internal Structure of the Field Northern Sedimentary","author":"Zel\u010ds","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"13","article-title":"Modelling the water balance of the Baltic Basin preliminary results InProceedings of XIX Conference","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nordic Hydrology"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"360","article-title":"Rainfall Runoff Modelling The Primer New York Ltd","author":"Beven","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref301","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutrient losses from point and diffuse agricultural sources in Landbauforschung","author":"Jansons","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"279","article-title":"Regionalization of parameters for a conceptual rain - fall - runoff model Agricultural No","volume":"98","author":"Seibert","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"111","article-title":"Morphology Internal Structure of the Field Northern Sedimentary","author":"Zel\u010ds","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2166\/nh.1991.0009","article-title":"Principles and confidence in hydrological modelling","volume":"22","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nordic Hydrology"},{"key":"ref511","article-title":"upes hidro\u0137\u012bmiskais raksturojums characteristics of the River aizsardz\u012bba lpp in","author":"Rodinovs","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"1","article-title":"Simulation of daily runoff and water level for the Lake InProceedings of the th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation Simulation in Wider Europe pp eds Riga","volume":"19","author":"Ziverts","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"148","article-title":"Rainfall - runoff modelling and water resources assessment in northwestern Ivory Coast Tentative extension to ungauged catchments","author":"Servat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hydrol"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/02626669509491435","article-title":"Estimation of recharge and runoff volumes from ungauged catchments in eastern Australia","volume":"40","author":"Ibrahim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hydrol Sci J"},{"key":"ref201","article-title":"models of watershed hydrology Highlands Ranch CO Water Resource Publications","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref251","first-page":"126","article-title":"Konceptu\u0101lais matem\u0101tiskais modelis ikdienas caurpl\u016bdumu apr\u0113\u0137in\u0101\u0161anai izmantojot meteorologiskos nov\u0113rojumus [ Conceptual mathematical model for the calculation of daily discharge using meteorological observations in","author":"Z\u012bverts","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref451","article-title":"un upju regul\u0113to gult\u0146u hidraulikas un notur\u012bbas probl\u0113mas Problems of Hydraulics and Stability on Small Regulated lpp","volume":"30","author":"Golubovskis","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref611","first-page":"12","article-title":"Watershed modelling of the Lake Burtnieks in the present conditions and considering the effect of climate change InProceedings of the th International Conference on the Conservation and Management of November Japan","author":"Ziverts","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref561","first-page":"779","article-title":"Prediction uncertainty of conceptual rainfall - runoff models caused by problems in identifying model parameters and structure","volume":"44","author":"Uhlenbrook","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci J"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/02626669209492583","article-title":"Application of conceptual runoff model in different physiographic regions of Switzerland","volume":"37","author":"Braun","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hydrol Sci J"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"39","article-title":"Digital simulation in hydrology Stanford Watershed Model IV Technical Report No Department of Civil Stanford CA","author":"Crawford","year":"1966","journal-title":"Engineering University"},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"148","article-title":"Rainfall - runoff modelling and water resources assessment in northwestern Ivory Coast Tentative extension to ungauged catchments","author":"Servat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hydrol"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"39","article-title":"Digital simulation in hydrology Stanford Watershed Model IV Technical Report No Department of Civil Stanford CA","author":"Crawford","year":"1966","journal-title":"Engineering University"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. 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