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The aim of this work was to develop ASTA- and ZEA-loaded nano-structured lipid carriers (NLCs) that would protect them against degradation and improve their intestinal stability\/permeability. Obtained NLCs were characterized by an effective diameter of 294 nm for ASTA-NLC and 280 nm for ZEA-NLC; polydispersity index (<jats:italic>PDI<\/jats:italic>) lower than 0.2; and zeta potential of \u201329.4 mV and \u201329.0 mV, respectively. Interestingly, despite similar physicochemical characteristics, our investigation revealed differences in the encapsulation efficiency of ASTA-NLC and ZEA-NLC (58.0 % <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 75.5 %, respectively). Obtained NLCs were stable during a 21 day-storage period in the dark at room temperature or at 4 \u00b0C. Investigation of gastrointestinal stability showed no change in effective diameter and <jats:italic>PDI<\/jats:italic> under gastric conditions while both parameters significantly changed under intestinal conditions. Our results showed for the first time that both ASTA- and ZEA-NLCs intestinal absorption investigated in the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> model is significantly increased (in relation to pure compounds) and is affected by the presence of mucus. This study provides useful data about the advantages of using NLC as a delivery system for ASTA and ZEA that might facilitate their applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/acph-2023-0038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T18:13:29Z","timestamp":1703614409000},"page":"581-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Preparation of astaxanthin\/zeaxanthin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced bioavailability: Characterization-, stability-and permeability study"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5792-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Radi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Department of Food Chemistry Zagreb , Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8690-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-2835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salette","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1095-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijan","family":"Marijan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Department of Pharmacognosy Zagreb Croatia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia Antunes Costa","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar University of Porto , Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dubravka Vitali","family":"\u010cepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry , Department of Food Chemistry Zagreb , Croatia"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024042703153748513_j_acph-2023-0038_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. 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