{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:48:08Z","timestamp":1777348088169,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An in-depth understanding of the business dynamics of a given sector enables key stakeholders to define appropriate strategies for its development, promotion and consolidation. This study aims to analyse the Portuguese tourism and hospitality sector, characterising the companies and their business dynamics between 2011 and 2022. It uses a Related-Samples Friedman\u2018s Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks to identify any statistically significant differences between the subsegments of Hotels and Restaurants, Recreational and Cultural Activities, and Transports and Logistics using specific competitiveness indicators. The results show significant differences between the subsegments in some indicators. The sector is resilient and plays a key role in recovering from highly impactful challenges. Micro and small companies employ thousands of people and make hotels and restaurants a key subsegment of activity for the sector. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of the tourism sector, providing valuable information to industry players and researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/ejthr-2024-0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:21:16Z","timestamp":1736234476000},"page":"231-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tourism Sector: Evidence Of Business Dynamics in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.2478","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4202-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor at School of Hospitality and Tourism of Polytechnic University of C\u00e1vado and Ave (IPCA), Portugal; CiTUR \u2013 Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, Coimbra, Portugal; UNIAG - Applied Management Research Unit (UNIAG) and GOVCOPP - Research Unit in Governance, Competitiveness and Public, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4545-4754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor at School of Hospitality and Tourism of Polytechnic University of C\u00e1vado and Ave, Portugal; CITUR \u2013 Centre for Research, Development, and Innovation in Tourism , C\u00e1vado , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Sofia","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave , C\u00e1vado , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Campinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of C\u00e1vado and Ave , C\u00e1vado , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1722-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor at the School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal, CITUR \u2013 Centre for Research, Development, and Innovation in Tourism, GOVCOPP , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8878-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor at the Polytechnic of Coimbra, Portugal, CITUR \u2013 Centre for Research, Development, and Innovation in Tourism, and GOVCOPP , Aveiro , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6661-0555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goretti","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal, CITUR \u2013 Centre for Research, Development, and Innovation in Tourism , Viana do Castelo , Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4760-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adjunct Professor at Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal, CITUR \u2013 Centre for Research, Development, and Innovation in Tourism, CEOS.PP , Porto , Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshater, M. M., Atayah, O. F., & Khan, A. (2022). What do we know about business and economics research during COVID-19: a bibliometric review. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istra\u017eivanja, 35(1), 1884-1912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1331677X.2021.1927786","DOI":"10.1080\/1331677X.2021.1927786"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altin, M., Koseoglu, M. A., Yu, X., & Riasi, A. (2018). Performance measurement and management research in the hospitality and tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(2), 1172-1189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJCHM-05-2017-0251","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-05-2017-0251"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_003","unstructured":"Banco de Portugal (2023). S\u00e9ries Estat\u00edsticas [Statistics Series]. https:\/\/bpstat.bportugal.pt\/dados\/dominios\/170\/series"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_004","unstructured":"Banco de Portugal. (2014). An\u00e1lise do Setor do Turismo: Estudos da Central de Balan\u00e7os [Analysis of the Tourism Sector: Central Balance Sheet Study].https:\/\/www.bportugal.pt\/sites\/default\/files\/anexos\/pdf-boletim\/estudos%20da%20cb_17_2014.pdf"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basole, R. C., Russell, M. G., Huhtam\u00e4ki, J., Rubens, N., Still, K., & Park, H. (2015). Understanding business ecosystem dynamics: A data-driven approach. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, 6(2), 1-32. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/271646605_Understanding_Business_Ecosystem_Dynamics_A_Data-Driven_Approach","DOI":"10.1145\/2724730"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, L., & Zhang, J. (2020). Is tourism development a catalyst of economic recovery following natural disaster? An analysis of economic resilience and spatial variability. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(20), 2602-2623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13683500.2019.1711029","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2019.1711029"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durbarry, R. (2004). Tourism and Economic Growth: The case of Mauritius. Tourism Economics, 10(4), 389-401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5367\/0000000042430962","DOI":"10.5367\/0000000042430962"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_008","unstructured":"European Commission. (2021). EU Support to tourism: Need for a fresh strategic orientation a better funding approach. https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/lists\/ecadocuments\/sr21_27\/sr_eu-invest-tourism_en.pdf"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_009","unstructured":"European Parliament. (2023). Tourism. https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/factsheets\/en\/sheet\/126\/tourism"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_010","unstructured":"Eurostat. (2022). Tourism industries-employment. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Tourism_ industries_-_employment#In_2019.2C_the_tourism_industries_employed_over_12.5_million_people_in_the_EU"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_011","unstructured":"Eurostat. (2023). Tourism industries-economic analysis. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Tourism_industries_-_economic_analysis"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_012","unstructured":"Filipova, M. K. (2015). Relationship between corporate culture and competitive power of the companies in the tourism industry. Tourism & Management Studies, 11(1), 98-130. https:\/\/tmstudies.net\/index.php\/ectms\/article\/view\/763"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guedes, A., Niklas, B., Back, R. M., & Rebelo, J. (2023). Implications of an exogenous shock (COVID-19) on wine tourism business: A Portuguese winery perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 23(1), 113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14673584221085214","DOI":"10.1177\/14673584221085214"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Handoyo, S., Suharman, H., Ghani, E. K., & Soedarsono, S. (2023). A business strategy, operational efficiency, ownership structure, and manufacturing performance: The moderating role of market uncertainty and competition intensity and its implication on open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(2), 1-14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joitmc.2023.100039~","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joitmc.2023.100039"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, L.-Y., & Li, H. (2024). Dynamically forecasting the restructuring performance of tourism firms with a similar-scenarios-based modelling framework: the role of investors\u2019 ex-ante attention. Current Issues in Tourism, 1(1), 1-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13683500.2024.2309146","DOI":"10.1080\/13683500.2024.2309146"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y. \u2013L., Chiang, J. \u2013T., & Ko, P. \u2013F. (2023). The benefits of tourism for rural community development. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(137), 1-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-01610-4","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-023-01610-4"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_017","unstructured":"Mar\u00f4co, J. (2021). An\u00e1lise Estat\u00edstica com o SPSS Statistics [Statistical Analysis with SPSS Statistics]. ReportNumber Lda."},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitrovi\u0107, M., Jankovi\u0107, S., & Ivankovi\u010d, G. (2016, September 30). Hotel Performance measurement: literature review [Conference Paper]. SIRCON 2016-Singidunum International Tourism Conference: Quality as a Basic for Tourism Destination Competitiveness. Singidunum University, Beograd, Serbia.","DOI":"10.15308\/Sitcon-2016-250-257"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, M., & Brand\u00e3o, F. (2023). The intangibility and tangibility in hospitality management: The customer perspective. In A. Abreu, J. V. Carvalho, D. Liberato & I. S. Galdames (Eds.), Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems: Selected Papers from ICOTTS 2022 Volume 2 (pp. 497-508). Springer Nature Singapore.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-9960-4_43"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_020","unstructured":"Pestana, M. H., & Gageiro, J. N. (2014). An\u00e1lise de dados para ci\u00eancias sociais: a complementaridade do SPSS [Data analysis for social sciences: the complementarity of SPSS]. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlabo."},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pnevmatikoudi, K., & Stavrinoudis, T. (2016). Classification of hotel performance measurement indicators presented in international scientific research. European Journal of Tourism Research, 12(2016), 82\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54055\/ejtr.v12i.214","DOI":"10.54055\/ejtr.v12i.214"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sainaghi, R. (2010a). A meta-analysis of hotel performance. Continental or worldwide style?. Tourism Review, 65(3), 46-69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/16605371011083521","DOI":"10.1108\/16605371011083521"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sainaghi, R. (2010b). Hotel performance: State of the art. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(7), 920-952. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/242023474_Hotel_performance_State_of_the_art","DOI":"10.1108\/09596111011066617"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sainaghi, R., Baggio, R., Phillips, P., & Mauri, A. (2020). Hotel performance and research streams: a network cluster analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(2), 425462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJCHM-05-2017-0260","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-05-2017-0260"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P., & Corti, V. (2013). Measuring hotel performance: Using a balanced scorecard perspectives\u2019 approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34(2013), 150-159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhm.2013.02.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhm.2013.02.008"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sainaghi, R., Phillips, P., & Zavarrone, E. (2017). Performance measurement in tourism firms: A content analytical meta-approach. Tourism Management, 59(2017), 36-56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.07.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2016.07.002"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_027","unstructured":"TravelBI. (2023). Conta Sat\u00e9lite [Satellite Account]. https:\/\/travelbi.turismodeportugal.pt\/turismo-em-portugal\/conta-satelite\/"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_028","unstructured":"UN Tourism. (2023). Global and regional tourism performance. https:\/\/www.unwto.org\/tourism-data\/global-and-regional-tourism-performance"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webster, C., & Ivanov, I. (2014). Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?. Tourism Management, 40(2014), 137-140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tourman.2013.06.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2013.06.003"},{"key":"2026042722154493242_j_ejthr-2024-00017_ref_030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickramasinghe, K., & Naranpanawa, A. (2023). Tourism and COVID-19: An economy-wide assessment. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55(2023), 131-138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhtm.2023.03.013w","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhtm.2023.03.013"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/pdf\/10.2478\/ejthr-2024-0017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T03:21:45Z","timestamp":1777346505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/reference-global.com\/article\/10.2478\/ejthr-2024-0017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2478\/ejthr-2024-0017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/ejthr-2024-0017","relation":{},"ISSN":["2182-4924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2182-4924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}