{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:46:57Z","timestamp":1759970817747,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare the cardiovascular and perceived effort of head\u2010out water exercises selecting different limb strategies and using resistance equipment. Ten young women were randomly assigned to perform at 132 bpm during five minutes different head\u2010out aquatic exercises: (i) horizontal arms abduction (Ab); (ii) horizontal arms abduction with dumbbells (AbD); (iii) frontal kick (Fk); (iv) frontal kick with leggings (FkLeg), and; (v) aquatic skiing (Ski). Cardiovascular effort was measured by monitoring the heart rate, blood pressure and double product. Perceived effort was assessed by the Borg\u2019s scale. Within\u2010routines comparison was computed using repeated\u2010 measures ANOVA followed\u2010up by the Bonferroni post\u2010hoc test. Considering the percentage of the maximal heart rate, participants reached 72.88 \u00b1 12.90% in the FkLeg, 65.99 \u00b1 10.91% in the Fk, 62.62 \u00b1 7.20% in Ski, 57.27 \u00b1 11.58% in AbD and 57.12 \u00b1 12.09% in Ab. Comparing exercises, higher heart rates were observed in the FkLeg (140.40 bpm) than Ab (110.30 bpm) or AbD (110.00 bpm). Significant differences were found in the systolic blood pressure when compared to the Fk (120.60 mmHg) and Ab (104.50 mmHg). Double product was higher in the FkLeg (16990) showing a meaningful difference when compared to Ab (11608) or AbD (12001). The highest perceived effort was found in the FkLeg (15.80) with meaningful variations compared to Ab (11.70), the Fk (13.70) and Ski (10.40). Thus, different head\u2010 out water exercises result in different intensities. The actions by lower limbs promote a higher cardiovascular response, whereas the upper limbs actions trigger a lower exertion. Moreover, exercising the four limbs concurrently seems to be less intense than using only two limbs with an aid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2018-0099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T05:30:51Z","timestamp":1571376651000},"page":"89-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardiovascular and Perceived Effort in Different Head\u2010Out Water Exercises: Effect of Limbs\u2019 Action and Resistance Equipment"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rio J.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences Department, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda , Guarda , Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development , CIDESD , Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences Department, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda , Guarda , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sim\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences Department, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda , Guarda , Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago M.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang , Singapore"},{"name":"Sport Sciences Department, Polytechnic Institute of Bragan\u00e7a , Bragan\u00e7a , Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development , CIDESD , Portugal"}]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012005191193582_j_hukin-2018-0099_ref_001_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1ab1b5b1Aa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alcalde GE, Fonseca AC, B\u00f4scoa TF, Gon\u00e7alves MR, Bernardo GC, Pianna B, Carnavale BF, Gimenes C, Barrile SR, Arca EA. 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