{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T02:04:35Z","timestamp":1772676275456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Termedia Sp. z.o.o.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Human Kinetics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small-sided games have been adopted as an integral part of soccer training, however, the use of task constraints by the coach and the action capabilities of both players and teams require further investigation. The aim of this investigation was to explore the age-category effects (under-11: U11, under-15: U15 and under-23: U23) on external training workloads (total distance covered, distance covered while walking, running and sprinting, number of sprints and maximum sprint speed), internal training load metrics (rate of perceived exertion, RPE) and tactical individual actions (passing number with dominant and non-dominant foot, and max passing speed) during 4 vs. 4 ball possession small-sided game constrained within three different playing areas (small: 20 x 15 m, medium: 25 x 20 m, and large: 30 x 25 m). Results revealed substantial differences (all p &lt; .001) for each specific playing area observed across many of the external workload measures. For every area analysed, U23 players covered more distance walking, whereas U11 and U15 players covered more distances at higher intensities. Additionally, significant differences were found for the RPE (small playing area: p = .001; large playing area: p &lt; .001) with U23 and U15 players showing higher scores compared with U11 ones. It can be concluded that a 4 vs. 4 ball possession small-sided game can provide different performance related stimuli to players, depending on age category and the playing surface area. Therefore, coaches and individuals involved with training and development of soccer players across all age groups should be aware of the key variables highlighted in this study before planning training drills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2021-0109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T02:37:18Z","timestamp":1637462238000},"page":"251-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploration of the Age-Category Soccer Performance Effects During Ball Possession Small-Sided Games"],"prefix":"10.5114","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Andr\u00e9 Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"SJ Fenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3061","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-751929","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2013-0010"},{"key":"ref-751930","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19091983"},{"key":"ref-751931","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2016.04.007"},{"key":"ref-751932","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hukin-2015-0040"},{"key":"ref-751933","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente, F. 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Spreadsheets for Analysis of Controlled Trials, Crossovers and Time Series. Sportscience, 2017(21), 1-4. sportsci.org\/2017\/wghxls.htm."},{"key":"ref-751943","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive Statistics for Studies in Sports Medicine and Exercise Science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/Doi 10.1249\/Mss.0b013e31818cb278.","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278"},{"key":"ref-751944","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512515626629"},{"key":"ref-751945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2019.87046"},{"key":"ref-751946","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031294"},{"key":"ref-751947","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda, A., Castellano, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., G\u00f3mez-D\u00edaz, A., Cos, F., & Casamichana, D. (2020). Physical Demands of Ball Possession Games in Relation to the Most Demanding Passages of a Competitive Match. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 19, 1-9."},{"key":"ref-751948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306323"},{"key":"ref-751949","unstructured":"Menuchi, M. R. T. P., Moro, A. R. P., Ambr\u00f3sio, P. E., Pariente, C. A. B., & Ara\u00fajo, D. (2018). Effects of Spatiotemporal Constraints and Age on the Interactions of Soccer Players when Competing for Ball Possession. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 17, 379-391. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6090386\/pdf\/jssm-17-379.pdf."},{"key":"ref-751950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2020.1770760"},{"key":"ref-751951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olthof, S. B. H., Frencken, W. G. P., & Lemmink, K. A. P. M. (2018). A Match Derived Relative Pitch Area Facilitates the Tactical Representativeness of Small-Sided Games for the Official Soccer Match. 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